CAPA Certification Exam Latest 2022 with complete solution (Study guide)

CAPA Certification Exam Latest 2022 with complete solution (Study guide) Glycopyrrolate - Induction and intubation medication - Can cause photosensitivity Craniotomy Treatment (triple H's) - hemodilution - hypertension - hypervolemia (this forces constricted blood vessels to dilate and perfuse tissue) Transverse Colostomy soft stool typical stool odor stool damages the skin empties several times per day may or may not be at risk for fluid/electrolytes imbalances may irrigate sigmoid colostomy - formed stool ileosotomy - high up - liquid pasty stool Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Small pouch created from stomach Part of small intestine (DUODENUM) bypassed Restriction and malabsorption Post-op Stroke symptoms - double vision - headache - sudden dizziness Metoclopramide (Reglan) - controls post-op NV - can have extrapyrmidal side effects like tardive dyskinesia Gastrectomy Interventions - encourage deep breaths - and position shifts clonic seizure repetitive jerking movements petit mal seizure Also called absence attack. A seizure that is characterized by a spike-and-wave EEG and often involves a loss of awareness and inability to recall events surrounding the seizure. Tonic seizure sustained muscle contraction Emergence excitement safety interventions ok to use wrist restraints Shivering first interventions♀️ - anticipate order for demerol (over warm blankets) Septic Shock/ Early Respiratory Distress - Hyperventilation - Respiratory Alkalosis - Elevated Lactate Levels Interscalene nerve block anesthetizes the brachial plexus as it passes through the scalene triangle. It is used to provide anethesia for the shoulder and upper arm. Nearly all patients will devleop transeint ipsilateral diaphragmatic parylasis due to involvment of the phrenic nerve roots as tehy pass through the interscalene sheath. Complication of rapid warming Hypotension (rapid vasodilation can cause a drop in blood pressure) Hetastarch (Hespan) - Volume expander, colloid - less expensive than blood - minimal co-ag effects - less likely to cause allergic reaction - metabolizes slowly Why are neonates not tolerant of fluid overload? - obligate sodium loss - slow clearance of fluid - inability to conserve fluid Medication used to treat fluid overload/ ascites in patient with Cirrhosis Spironolactone Steal syndrome - Too much blood going to the fistula, leaving the hand ischemic. Tx is with surgery or banding to decrease outflow (if high flow) Infant should void 5ml/Kg/hr or at least 2-3ml/Kg/hr Autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia) - Massive, uncompensated cardiovascular response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system Stimulation of the sensory receptors below the level of the cord lesion - Associated with injuries above level T6 TURPs - risk for water intoxication - risk for hyponatremia - s/s include: SOB, hypoxemia, confusion, nausea, vomiting, muscle twitches, tachycardia, and hypotension intrarenal failure - direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply (ex..glomerulonephritis) orcheopexy procedure to correct testicular torsion Piaget's stages of cognitive development 1. sensorimotor (18-24 months) 2. preoperational (24 months - 7 years) 3. concrete operational (7 - 12 years) 4. formal operational ( 12 years - adulthood) distal tubule function - acid-base balance - homeostatic balance - Expectations after kidney transplant POLYURIA - due to administrations of mannitol and diuretics Test to determine glomerular filtration - Creatinine - in blood - it is the only filtered substance that is not re-absorbed - and/ or - proteinuria - in urine Proximal tubule function - 65% - most of the solute and water reabsorption Only safe opioid for pts with renal failure Fentanyl DO NOT GIVE MORPHINE, MEPERIDINE, OR HYDROMORPHONE Priority intervention in hypospadius pts catheter care and maintenance Primary complication of GI surgery - BOWEL INJURY - assess for unrelieved pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever spinal headache treatment bed rest, analgesics, caffeine, blood patch, increased fluid intake local anesthetic systemic toxicity treatment 1.5 mL/Kg of 20% lipid emulsion...followed by continuous infusion @ 0.25 mL/kg/min chlorothiazides - DEPLETES POTASSIUM - leads to hypokalemia - increase in blocking action of nerve blocks due to depolarization of the muscla Paroneal nerve palsy - complication of hip arthroplasty - can be determined by weak or absent dorsiflexion vesicovaginal fistula - abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina - typically only happens after pelvix fracture, surgery, ejaculatory duct duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra