API 580 Flash Cards

API 580 Flash Cards RBI will not compensate for these 6 things: 1. Inaccurate or missing information 2. Inadequate designs or faulty equipment installation 3. Operation outside the acceptable IOW's 4. Not effectively executing the plans 5. Lack of qualified personnel or teamwork 6. Lack of sound engineering or operational judgment RBI is specifically targeted for what industry? Hydrocarbon and chemical process. Mechanical Integrity Focused The RBI process is focused on maintaining the MI of pressure equip. items & minimizing the risk of loss of containment due to deterioration. RBI is not a substitute for a PHA or hazard and operability assessment (HAZOP). RBI compliments the PHA by focusing on the MI related damage mechanisms & risk management through inspection. What types of equipment is covered by RBI? 1. Pressure vessels 2. Process piping 3. Storage tanks 4. Rotating equipment (pressure side) 5. Boilers and heaters 6. Heat exchangers (shells, floating heads, channels & bundles) 7. Pressure-relief devices What equipment is not covered by RBI? 1. Instrument and control systems 2. Electrical systems 3. Structural systems 4. Machinery components (except pump and compressor casings) Who is the Target Audience for API 580? Inspection and engineering personnel who are responsible for the equipment covered by 580. Absolute Risk An ideal and accurate description and quantification of risk. Consequence An outcome from an event. There may be one or more consequences from an event. Consequences may range from positive to negative. However, consequences are always negative for safety aspects. Consequences may be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively. Damage Mode Ways that the damage mechanism may manifest itself. For example, the damage mechanism "corrosion under insulation" may precipitate a damage mode of either generalized corrosion or localized corrosion. Generalized corrosion could result in a large burst while localized corrosion might be more likely to result in a pinhole type Risk-Based Inspection A risk assessment and management process that is focused on loss of containment of pressurized equipment in processing facilities, due to material determination. These risks are managed primarily through equipment inspection. Risk Estimation Process used to assign values to the probability and consequence of a risk. Risk estimation may consider cost, benefits, stakeholders concerns and other variables, as appropriate for risk evaluation. Event Occurrence of a particular set of circumstances. The event may be certain or uncertain. The event can be singular or multiple. The probability of an event occurring within a given period of time can be estimated. External Event 4.1.16 External Event Events resulting from forces of nature, acts of god, sabotage, or events such as neighboring fires or explosions, terrorism, neighboring hazardous material releases, electrical power failures, forces of nature, and intrusions of external transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, ships, trains, trucks, or automobiles. HAZOP (Hazard And Operability Study A HAZOP study is a form of failure modes & effects analysis (FMEA). HAZOP studies, which were originally developed for the process industry, use systematic techniques to identify hazards & operability issues throughout an entire facility Reassessment The process of integrating inspection data or other changes into the risk analysis. RELATIVE RISK The comparative risk of a facility, process unit, system, Equipment item or component to other facilities, process units, systems, equipment items, or components, respectively. RESIDUAL RISK The risk remaining after risk mitigation. RISK Combination of the probability of an event and its consequence. In some situations, risk is a deviation for the expected Risk Acceptance A decision to accept risk. Risk acceptance depends on risk criteria Risk Analysis Systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk. Risk analysis provides a basis for risk evaluation, risk mitigation and risk acceptance. Information can include historical data, theoretical analysis, informed opinions and concerns of stakeholders. Risk Assessment Overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation. Risk Avoidance Decision not to become involved in, or action to withdraw from a situation. The decision may be taken based on the result of risk evaluation. Risk Communication Exchange or sharing of information about risk between the decision maker and other stakeholders. The information may relate to the existence, nature, form, probability, severity, acceptance, mitigation or other aspects of risk. Risk Criteria Terms of reference by which the significance of risk is assessed. Risk criteria may include associated cost and benefits, legal and statutory requirements, socioeconomic and environmental aspects, concerns of stakeholders, priorities and other inputs to the assessment. Risk Driver An item affecting either the probability, consequence, or both such that it constitutes a significant portion of the risk. Risk Evaluation Process used to compare the estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine the significance of the risk. Risk evaluation may be used to assist in the acceptance or mitigation decision. Risk Identification Process to find, list and characterize elements of risk. Elements may include: source, event, consequence, probability. Risk identification may also identify stakeholders concerns. Risk Management Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk. Risk management typically includes: 1. Risk assessment, 2. Risk mitigation, 3. Risk acceptance and 4. Risk communication. Risk Mitigation Process of selection and implementation of measures to modify risk. The term risk mitigation is sometimes used for measures themselves. Risk Reduction Actions taken to lessen the probability, negative consequences or both associated with a particular risk Semi-Quanatitative Analysis A semi-quantitative analysis includes aspects of both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Pha (Process Hazard Analysis) A PHA uses a systemized approach to identify & analyze hazards in a process unit. The RBI study can include a review of the output from any PHA that has been conducted on the unit being evaluated. Hazards associated with potential equipment failure due to inservice degradation identified in the PHA can be specifically addressed in the RBI analysis. UNMITIGATED RISK The risk prior to mitigation activities. INSPECTION OPTIMIZATION When the risk associated with individual equipment items is determined and the relative effectiveness of different inspection techniques and process monitoring in reducing risk is estimated or quantified, adequate information is available for planning, optimizing, and implementing an RBI program. (Iow) Integrity Operating Window Established limits for process variables that can affect the integrity of the equipment if the process operation deviates from the established limits for a predetermined amount of time. Probability Extent to which an event is likely to occur within the time frame under consideration. The mathematical definition of probability is "a real number in the scale 0 to 1 attached to a random event." Probability can be related to a long-run relative frequency of occurrence or to a degree of belief that an event will occur. For a high degree of belief, the probability is near one (1).." Toxic Chemical Any chemical that presents a physical or health hazard or an environmental hazard according to the appropriate material safety datasheet. Iso-Risk An ISO-risk line represents a constant risk level. Continuum Of Approaches In practice, an RBI study typically uses aspects of qualitative, Quantitative and semi-quantitative approaches. These RBI approaches are not considered as competing but rather as complementary. Qualitative Risk Analysis An analysis that uses broad categorizations for probabilities and consequences of failure. Methods that use primarily engineering judgment and experience as the basis for the determination of probabilities and consequences of failure. The results of qualitative risk analyses are dependent on the background and expertise of the analysts and the objectives of the analysis. FMEA and HAZOPs are examples of qualitative risk analysis techniques that become QRA methods when consequence and failure probability values are estimated along with the respective descriptive input. Quantitative Risk Analysis (Qra) An analysis that quantifies the probabilities and consequences of the probable damage mechanisms and that: Identifies and delineates the combinations of events that, if they occur, may lead to a severe event or any other undesired consequence; Estimates the probability of occurrence for each combination; Estimates the consequences.