MTM 3010 Final Exam

MTM 3010 Final Exam Mono one track Stereo 1950's- two tracks Multitrack digital recorders digitized sound recording and reproduction that allows for the separate recording of multiple sound sources or of sounds sources recorded at different times to create a cohesive whole. Hard disc computer recording direct-to-disk recording system that uses a high capacity hard disk to record digital audio or digital video. Alternative that provides other editing capabilities. ProTools digital audio workstation that can perform the functions of a multitrack tape recorder and audio mixer. Punch-in augment taping or filming with insertion of new ( or additional) material , usually on player's mistakes right away while recording. Executive producer top administrator and/or financier of a production; responsible for business decisions and organizing the recordings; sometimes figures out where and when to record. "big-picture organizers" Producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production for a song or album; they have the independent voice in the studio, and bridge the gap between commercial viability and artistic expression to analyze what is working and help inspire the very best performance. "jacks-of-all-trades" Engineer an audio mixer or sound technician who operates and sets up the recording equipment used to capture and shape a song or album. House producer one of the company's salaried staff production employees. Spec deal studio owner believes in artist and allows to record for free for the time being; usually still responsible for tape costs and engineer. Royalty fee a fee paid for the use of property such as copyrighted works. 1% of wholesale or retail Points royalty percentage for producer's compensation; usually 2-4% of the retail sales of an album and also cash advances on those albums. Beginner producers usually ask for 1%/ Superstar producers ask for 5% or 6% on sales. Escalating clause a clause in a contract that guarantees a change in the agreement price once a particular factor beyond control of either party affecting the value has been determined. Production fee in addition to royalties, it is standard practice for a label to pay a production fee. Some producers get a few thousand dollars upfront as their fee. Advance a pre-payment of royalties, whether the advance is paid by record company to an artist, a publisher to a writer or a merchandiser to an artist; they are not loans or earn interest. Letter of direction a few short pages letter that informs the record company of the fee that the artist will assign the record producer out of his or her advance to future royalties and how many of the artist's royalty points the producer is to receive. It also grants permission to the record company to handle the accounting and pay the producer directly. EQ Equalization. process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an electronic signal. Timbre is the quality, tone color distinguishing one voice or musical instrument from another. Digital vs. Analog the smooth analog signal matches the recorded sound wave better than the steps of a digital recording. However, the analog medium (vinyl or magnetized tape) the recording is imprinted on can have tiny imperfections that cause cracking and popping noise. Preproduction done outside of studio; the budgeting and planning to create the concept, raise the money and negotiate budget, locate and sign an artist, select songs, negotiate mechanical licenses, engage arrangers to score the charts abc musical director, book studio time, engage engineer, special equipment, contracts, and rehearse music. Tracking an AFM and SAG-AFTRA payment category in which performers record the same notes more than once and a technician overlaps each version to produce the illusion of a larger ensemble. Or the tracking of how often a song is played or sold on radio station or radio stores. Tracking sheet producers keep a written record of what is laid down on each track which cite the artist, the date, the studio, song titles, take numbers, timings, and footage counts for the start and end of takes. Studio/session musicians instrumentalist employed in recording studios and usually paid union scale. Overdubbing make fixes, add sweetener tracks, "final" vocals Mixing massage each individual track/ to combine and equalize into one or more channels, a larger number of separate tracks of recorded sounds. Mastering sweetening the overall sound, ISRC's added, volume of each track, etc. Metadata information about an album, songs, and mixes that you plan to include with your release by embedding the information right into the music files. Example: Album Name. Artist Name. Pitch correction an electronic effects unit or audio software that changes the highness or lowness in pitch of an audio signal so that all pitches will be notes from the equally tempered system. The devices do this without affecting other aspects of sound. Hip-Hop producer the instrumentalists and creative directors involved in building a recording session, which can range from a single song to a major album; using samplers, sequencers, drum machines, synthesizers, drum kits, and electric bass. Producer also refereed to as the beatmaker. Producer Manager handles the business side of the producer's affairs; handles day-to-day supervision of business activities and plans long-term career goals for the client, usually in the conjunction with a team of professionals like an accountant publisher, lawyer, etc. Cylinder 1877- earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound; cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface, which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. 78rpm 1894- phonograph record in analog sound LP 1948- long playing; an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record format characterized by a speed pf 33 1/3 rpm, introduced by Columbia. CD 1982- compact disc; digital optical data storage format, co-developed by Phillips and Sony. Mp3 Late 90s- audio coding format for digital audio; Mp3 compression commonly achieves 75 to 95% reduction in size. P2P early 2000s- peer-to-peer networks that allow users to freely download content from another user's hard drive without the use of an intermediary server. Major labels function as distributors and banks mainly Indie labels Independent record labels that operate without the funding of or outside major record labels. Specialty labels some of the most successful independent labels that include classical music, folk, blues, ethnic, jazz, and gospel music. They are successful bc they don't compete directly with the mainstream music by the majors and don't deal with promotion costs as much. Catalog 18 months or older; a list of songs available for sale or licensing, works that are available but not recently released Three Majors Universal Music Group Sony Music Warner Music Group RIAA 1952- Recording Industry Association of America; protects intellectual property rights and the 1st amendment rights to artists. NARAS National Academy of Recording Artists & Sciences; The Recording Academy, The Grammys, Music Cares SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats; Hook memorable melodic or lyrical phrase in a song; or in advertising a campaign slogan or concept. Product manager person in charge of a promotional or marketing campaign. Formats genre/type of music played by radio station Burn factor playing a song every 2 hours or so Payola pay for play, majors have independent ppl take care of this. Coop advertising running ads with retailer SKU stock-keeping unit Wholesalers One-stop, Rack-jobber...sell to retailers Retailers sell to consumer Cutouts selling overstock at discount P&P Price and Positioning; retailer can return unsold CDs to record company back for credit or retailer gives sale price in return for a good position in the store. Endcaps retail display at the end of an aisle. Listening stations listening to songs before purchasing. POP Point of purchase; also referred to as "merch" Cleans what is sold at record stores, barcode not defaced. The Music Business The Music Biz- formerly NARM...trade organization -National Assoc. of Recording Merchants. Airplay radio broadcast of a commercially released music recording. Demographics characteristics of consumer age, sex, religion, income, etc. Multiformat crossover, appeal to pop, urban, country BDS Broad Data Systems; monitors radio play throughout the country Mediabase 24/7 monitors radio play; this system is similar to BDS, but instead of using computers to listen, it uses people. Soundscan monitors sales of recorded music UPC universal product code- album identifier ISRC international standard recording code- individual track identifier AM Amplitude Modulation FM Frequency Modulation Station rating % of potential audience Station share % of audience listening to the radio at a given time Block book lockout Where do producers come from? engineering. music arranger, studio, musician, hit songwriter, former or current artist, psychologist.