NURS 611 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 with Correct Answers

Sodium - Answer-Main ECF ion. Potassium - Answer-Main ICF ion. Mitochondria - Answer-Organelle that produces ATP. Ribosomes - Answer-Organelles responsible for protein synthesis. Lysosomes - Answer-Organelles that degrade and recycle waste. Peroxisomes - Answer-Organelles that break down chemicals into H202, produces free radicals. Golgi Apparatus - Answer-Organelle responsible for packaging and distribution. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answer-Organelle that synthesizes steroids and detoxification. Tight Junction - Answer-Impermeable junction; strength. Gap Junction - Answer-Junction that allows for conductivity, synchronizes contractions of cardiac muscle through ionic coupling. Desmosomes - Answer-Junctions that hold cells together by continuous bands or belts of epithelial sheets or button-like points of contact. Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis - Answer-Non-energy forms of transport. Active Transport - Answer-Energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane, example is Na/K pump. Hypotonic Fluid - Answer-Causes cells to swell. Hypertonic Fluid - Answer-Causes cells to srhink. 36 ATP - Answer-How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration? 2 ATP - Answer-How much ATP can anaerobic respiration make? Hypoxia - Answer-#1 cause of cellular injury. Lactic Acid - Answer-Indication of cell death. Build up leads to metabolic acidosis.