Pathophysiology Exam paper 2 with Correct Answers

atrophy - Answer-decrease in size phy: thymus path: muscle and bone hypertrophy - Answer-increase in size phy:musccle path: of heart=heart failure hyperplasia - Answer-increase in number phy:callus path: endothelial cell metaplasia - Answer-replacement of one cell type with another cell type, often leads to cancer phy: none dyslasia - Answer-loss of normal organization of cells, often leads to cancer phy:none hypoxic injury (cell) - Answer-ischemia: temporary loss/reduction of blood flow to an area anoxia: decrease in ATP:failure of sodium-potassium pump and sodium-calcium exchange, cellular swelling reperfusion injury: overwhelmed, erupted, ROS synthesis, lipid peroxidation, alteration of proteins, alteration of DNA Asphyxail injury (cell) - Answer-(loss of oxygen) causes by failure of cells to receive or use oxygen suffocation strangulation chemical asphyxiants (CO: permanently binds hemoglobin so can't bind to oxygen) (Propane: displaces oxygen) drowning Chemical injury (cell) - Answer-lead carbon monoxide (car) ethanol (beer) mercury social or street drugs