THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM summary notes

The musculoskeletal system consists of muscle, bones, bone marrow, joints, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and bursae The adult human skeleton contains 206 bones and more than 600 muscles. Joints are located where two or more bones meet and contain cartilage and bursa Functions of the Musculoskeletal System Movement, posture, joint stability, and heat production. Provide a framework for the body, protect the soft body parts such as the brain, store calcium, and produce blood cells. The organs and structures of the musculoskeletal system work together to protect, support, and move the body. Bone Structure periosteum: outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue compact bone: dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum cancellous (spongy) bone: contains small spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone endosteum: membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone diaphysis: shaft of the long bones epiphysis: ends of the long bone bone marrow: material found in the cavities of bones red marrow: thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of blood cell formation) yellow marrow: soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones Skeletal Bones maxilla: upper jawbone vertebral column: made up of bones called vertebrae (