NR 601 week 1 (developmental changes)

Protein levels (normal, changes with aging, explanation) - correct answer Normal= 0-5mg/100ml. Slightly raises with age d/t kidney changes with age, UTI, renal pathology. Urine specific gravity (normal, changes with age, explanation) - correct answer normal= 1.005-1.020. lower maximum in elderly is 1.016-1.022. d/t decline in nephrons impairs ability to concentrate urine. ESR (normal for men vs. women, change with aging, explanation) - correct answer Men: 0-20. Women 0-30. Age significantly increases level- it is neither sensitive or specific in aged adults Iron Binding (norm, changes with agining) - correct answer normal: 50-160, 230-410. slight decrease with aging Hgb (normal for men vs. women, change with aging) - correct answer men: 13-18, women 12-16. Changes will be present in elderly men: 10-17. No changes in women. Anemia is common in elderly Hct (normal, changes with aging) - correct answer men: 45-52, women: 37-48. Slightly decreases with age d/t decline in hematopoiesis. Leuk (normal, change with aging, explanation for decrease). - correct answer norm: 4,300-10,800/mm3, with aging: Drop to 3,100-9,000/mm3. Decrease may be due to drugs or sepsis and should not be attributed immediately to age lymphocytes - correct answer 500-2,400 T cells/mm3 50-200 B cells/mm3. Levels fall with aging. Infection risk higher; immunization encouraged plt count (normal, aging changes?) - correct answer norm: 150,000-350,000... no change in number. Albumin (norm, change with aging, explanation) - correct answer norm: 3.5-5, decline seen with aging. Related to decrease in liver size and enzymes; protein-energy malnutrition common Globulin level (normal, change with aging) - correct answer norm: 2.3-3.5, slight increase with aging Total serum protein (norm, change with aging, explanation) - correct answer 6.0-8.4---no change with aging. Decreases may indicate malnutrition, infection, liver disease blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (norm men vs. women, changes with aging, explnation) - correct answer Men: 10-25 mg/100 mL Women: 8-20 mg/100 mL Increases significantly up to 69 mg/100 mL....Decline in glomerular filtration rate; decreased cardiac output creatinine (norm, change with aging, explanation). - correct answer 0.6-1.5 mg/100 mL= norm. Increases to 1.9 mg/100 mL seen. Related to lean body mass decrease creatinine clearance (norm, change with aging, explanation). - correct answer 104-124 mL/min... Decreases 10%/decade after age 40 years....Used for prescribing medications for drugs excreted by kidney Glucose tolerance (norm, change with aging, explanation) - correct answer 62-110 mg/dL after fasting; 120 mg/dL after 2 hours postprandial......Slight increase of 10 mg/dL/decade after 30 years of age.....Diabetes increasingly prevalent; drugs may cause glucose intolerance Alkaline phosphatase (norm, changes with elderly, explanation for elevations 20%.) - correct answer 13-39 IU/L......Increase by 8-10 IU/L. Elevations 20% usually due to disease; elevations may be found with bone abnormalities, drugs (e.g., narcotics), and eating a fatty meal changes in integumentary system with age - correct answer loss of SQ tissue and thin epidermis, making pt prone to breakdown. Decreased vascularity: atrophy of sweat glands= decreased sweat, decreased body odor, decreased heat loss, dryness Respiratory system changes with aging and lung tissue elasticity - correct answer decreased lung tissue elasticity leading to decreased vital capacity respiratory changes with aging (cilia) - correct answer cilia atrophy- causing issues in transport and putting patient at an increase susceptibility for infection respiratory changes with aging (muscle) - correct answer Reduced ability to handle secretions and reduced effectiveness against noxious foreign particles • Partial inflation of lungs at rest Increased risk of atelectasis heart valve changes with aging - correct answer thicken and get fibrotic- Reduced stroke volume, cardiac output; may be altered. Decreased responsiveness to stress SA node changes with aging - correct answer Fibroelastic thickening of the sinoatrial node; decreased number of pacemaker cells...Slower heart rate....Increased prevalence of arrhythmias baroreceptor sensitivity changes w/aging - correct answer Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity (stretch receptors), Decreased sensitivity to changes in blood pressure, Prone to loss of balance, which increases the risk for falls changes in liver with aging - correct answer smaller, decrease storage capacity changes in GI muscle tone w/ aging - correct answer decreased causing decreased motility and increasing risk for constipation, functional bowel syndrome, esophageal spasm, and diverticular disease. chan