CDIS 1331

CDIS 1331CDIS 1331 Aphasia - ANS a language disorder associated with acquired brain damage. it affects all aspects of language Aphasia is not - ANS a speech disorder; it is not the language associated with dementia or confusion seen in some brain-injured patients; and it is not the bizarre language of schizophrenic patients Causes of Aphasia - ANS stroke (cerebrovascular accident), high blood pressure, high cholesterol. cerebral ateriosclerosis, embolus, thrombosis, aneurysm Communicative difficulties - ANS problems are evident in speaking, reading, writing, and understanding language. Classification of aphasia - ANS fluent and non fluent Alexia - ANS reading problems Jargon - ANS is somewhat fluent but irrelevant or meaningless speech, often filled with neologistic words Types of aphasia - ANS broca's (nonfluent) and wernicke's (fluent but disordered) Motor speech disorder - ANS speech disorders that result from central or peripheral nervous system damage. Also called neurogenic speech disorders. Categories of motor speech disorders - ANS Apraxia of speech and dysarthria Apraxia - ANS a general term that refers to a disorder of sequenced movement of body parts in the absence of muscle weakness or paralysis. Broca's Aphasia - ANS nonfluent, good comprehension Wernicke's Aphasia - ANS fluent but disordered, poor auditory comprehension Dysarthria - ANS a group of speech disorders due to paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech muscles. Causes of Dysarthria - ANS lesions in different parts of the brain, such as: strokes, traumatic brain injury, degenerative neurologic diseases. Types of Dysarthria - ANS ataxic (damage to cerebellum), flaccid (damage to speech-related cranial nerves), spastic (lesions in pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems) Essential Features of Dysarthria * - ANS Respiratory Problems Resonance Problems Articulatory Problems Phonatory Problems Prosodic Problems Dementia - ANS a neurological syndrome associated with persistent or progressive deterioration in intellectual functions. Intellectual and behavioral problems with Dementia - ANS memory loss, impaired judgement, deterioration of daily living skills, delusions, sleep disturbance. Communication problems: Dementia - ANS naming problems, speech comprehension, picture description, difficulty maintaining topics of conversation, progressively shrinking vocabulary. Main Dementia Disorders - ANS parkinson's and alzheimers Traumatic Brain Injury - ANS injury to the brain from physical trauma or external force Causes of TBI - ANS automobile, pedestrian, motorcycle, bicycle accidents, accidental falls, interpersonal violence, gunshot wounds, sports or workplace accidents. Effects of TBI - ANS death, coma, vegetative state, impaired memory, swallowing disorders, apathy and depression Communication Problems: TBI - ANS dysarthria confused language anomia difficulty in language comprehension pragmatic language Treatment of TBI - ANS team effort: reintegrate the individual within his or her educational, social, and occupational goal. behavioral treatment is effective in helping individuals with TBI regain their previous skills to varying extents. AAC allows - ANS patient to speak in a non-verbal form What can you do to assist a client with apraxia or dysarthria who continues to be unintelligible even after therapy? - ANS AAC device Complete Cleft - ANS both palates are completely separated Incomplete Cleft - ANS both palates are partly separated Sub-mucous Cleft - ANS hidden cleft of the soft palate, hard palate, or both. Causes of Cleft Palate - ANS genetic and environmental Surgery for Cleft Lip - ANS within first 12 months after birth. Surgery for Cleft Palate - ANS within first 18 months after birth Types of Clefts - ANS complete, incomplete, sub-mucous, unilateral, bilateral Medical Speech-Language Pathology (Medical SLP) - ANS a specialty within the profession, concerned with two distinctly different sets of disorders. Cerebral Palsy - ANS a disorder of childhood characterized by brain damage, resulting paralysis, and attendant problems in physical growth, locomotion, communication, and potential sensory problems. Major Types of Cerebral Palsy - ANS hemiplegia paraplegia monoplegia dipegia quadriplegia Some causes of Cerebral Palsy - ANS prenatal perinatal postnatal Main Communicative Problem in Cerebral Palsy - ANS developmental dysarthria Autism - ANS diagnosed on the basis of impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive and stereotypic behaviors, interests, and activities. Behavioral Characteristics of Autism - ANS dominant features in the first 3 years of a child's life: lack of desire to relate to people including parents preference for solitude over social contact tendency to self-injure preference for a constant environmental arrangement tendency to engage in apparently meaningless, repetitive activities Autism and Asperger's syndrome affect: - ANS 1 in 152 children. controversy about an increase in its incidence, but there is no strong evidence to indicate an increased incidence Autism Spectrum Disorders - ANS group of disorders typically diagnosed in early childhood years. Includes: Autism, Asperger's syndrome, Rett syndrome, Childhood disintegratice disorder. Down Syndrome - ANS due to an extra chromosome Fragile X Syndrome - ANS due to a fragile site in the X chromosome Intellectual Disabilities - ANS previously called mental retardation. used to describe children and adults whose IQs and behavioral skill levels are below normal. ID Diagnosis - ANS when a child or adult experiences limitations in intellectual functioning, deficient social behaviors, inadequate daily living skills Augmentative and Alternative Communication - ANS non-oral communication strategies device Augmentative - ANS non-oral communication strategies that supplement the existing verbal skills, though they are often limited. Alternative - ANS non-oral communication strategies that are the primary means of communication with no significant oral speech Classified Methods of AAC - ANS unaided- signs, gestures aided-devices, computers Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS) - ANS low-tech aided AAC system in which the child picks a picture of an object or a card with a specific message and hands it to the therapist/teacher. Symbol System AAC - ANS Symbols are more practical than words for some clients who need communication boards but cannot read. symbols can be iconic (concrete) or non-iconic (abstract) AAC Assessment - ANS client's capabilities unmet communication needs barriers to communication devices that best serve the client as well as the family members Wernicke's Aphasia Characteristics - ANS sentence length is normal but without meaning tendency to talk excessively semantic errors word structure error comprehension problems How is Wernicke's Acquired - ANS damage to left posterior part of the brain, located right behind the ear most often acquired through a stroke brain tumors, brain infections, TBI 5 Areas of communication affected: Wernicke - ANS language and sometimes fluency 4 Areas of language: Wernicke - ANS syntax and semantics Dysphagia - ANS swallowing disorder. difficulty with eating which may include one or more of the following: sucking, chewing food, swallowing, coughing What causes Dysphagia? - ANS neurological disorders include: Stroke, TBI, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Tumors, Aging Phases of Normal Feeding & Swallowing - ANS Oral Preparatory Phase Oral Initiation Phase Pharyngeal Phase Esophageal Phase Treatment: Communicative Disorders - ANS early and improved procedures have greatly reduced the cleft's negative effects on communication, but will still need some form of speech training Treatment: Articulation - ANS giving maximum visual and auditory cues to the child directing the flow of air out of the mouth instead of the nose producing speech with less force opening the mouth wider during speech production Treatment: Voice & Resonance - ANS due to the child's efforts to compensate for the inadequate velopharyngeal mechanism How are articulation disorders associated with cleft treated? - ANS the clinician gives maximum visual ams auditory cues to the child. clinician first teaches the sounds that are produced in the front of the mouth ( /p/ and /b/ ) and then the back. ( /k/ and /g/ ) targeting of articulation treatment: -directing the flow of air out of the mouth instead of the nose -producing speech with less force -making gentle contact of articulators -opening the mouth wider during speech production - help reduce nasal resonance How are Language disorders associated with cleft palate treated? - ANS slight delays in language may be corrected by home language stimulation programs the parents conduct formal treatment: language structures the child is not able to produce including words, phrase, sentences, and aspects of syntax and morphological elements.