Pathophysiology Mid Term Exam Rasmussen (100% correct)

Active immunity - A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens. Atopic Dermatitis - Also called eczema Chronic inflammatory condition triggered by an allergen Has an inherited tendency May be accompanied by asthma and allergic rhinitis Most common in infants and usually resolves by early adulthood Characterized by remissions and exacerbations Exact cause unknown, but may result from an immune system malfunction (similar to hypersensitivity reaction, i.e., IgE elevation present) Atopic march theory Atopic Dermatitis Complications - secondary bacterial skin infections, neurodermatitis (permanent scarring and discoloration from chronic scratching), and eye problems (e.g., conjunctivitis) May affect any area, but typically appears on the arms and behind the knees Atopic Dermatitis Manifestations - Red to brownish-gray skin patches Pruritus, which may be severe, especially at night Vesicles Thickened (lichenified), cracked, or scaly skin Irritated, sensitive skin from scratching Bacterial Infections Impetigo - Common and highly contagious. Can occur without an apparent skin breach, but typically arises from a break in the skin. Lesions usually begin as small vesicles that enlarge and rupture, forming the characteristic honey-colored crust. Can spread throughout the body through self-transfer of the exudate. Typically caused by staphylococci, which produce a toxin that attacks collagen and promotes spread. Other manifestations: pruritus and lymphadenopathy. Burns - Injury that can result from exposure to a thermal or nonthermal source Triggers inflammatory reaction and results in tissue destruction Burns Complications: Diagnosis: - local infection (particularly Staphylococcus infection), sepsis, hypovolemia, shock, hypothermia, respiratory problems, scarring, and contractures history, physical examination (including determining the total body surface area affected), chest X-ray, endoscopy, complete blood count, and blood chemistry Burns First-degree burns: - affect only the epidermis and cause pain, erythema, and edema Burns Second-degree burns: - affect the epidermis and dermis and cause pain, erythema, edema, and blistering Burns Sources - dry heat (e.g., fire), wet heat (e.g., steam or hot liquids), radiation, friction, heated objects, natural or artificial UV light, electricity, and chemicals (e.g., acids, alkaline, and paint thinner) Burns Third-degree burns: - extend into deeper tissue