Advanced Pathophysiology UTMB 5355 EXAM 2: Questions With Verified Solutions

Advanced Pathophysiology UTMB 5355 EXAM 2: Questions With Verified Solutions Oncogenes - ANS cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells Proto-oncogenes - ANS promote normal cell growth factor and division If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - ANS Oncogenes Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - ANS Antioncogenes antioncogenes - ANS inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - - ANS oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? - ANS Gatekeepers & Caretakers tumor suppressor genes - ANS encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk Gatekeeper - ANS regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent uncontrolled growth and potential progression of cancer Caretaker - ANS suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctly mutation can occur How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - ANS Inflammation increases free radicals and reactive oxygen species which promote mutation interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. - ANS Pro-inflammatory cytokines TP53 gene - ANS tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apoptosis and can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer