ASU BIO 181 Study Summary

ASU BIO 181 Study Summary The stage of meiosis where "crossing over" occurs - Prophase 1 A mutation that you could pass on to your offspring would occur in the ___ cells - Germ cells Most mutations that occur in our genomes are... - Neutral Which type of mutation would most likely have dramatic effects on the gene of interest? - Nonsense mutation Frameshift mutation What is the probability of a child having the same phenotype as the first parent: AaBbcc x aabbCC - 0 p^2+2pq+q^2 gives - Hardy Weinberg equilibrium frequencies Which is an example of heterozygote advantage? - Sickle sell trait Which of the following statements must be true in order for mitochondrial ATP synthase to work? - pH of inter membrane space must be lower than that of the matrix There must be a difference in concentration of H+ ions During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of - Pyruvate Which of the following is the most important product of the fermentation pathway in cells? - NAD+ Photosynthesis is usually divided up into how many separate reactions? - 2 Which is NOT a stage of cellular respiration? - Photosynthesis Which one of the following represents the REDUCED forms of the electron carriers of cellular respiration? NAD+ and FAD NAD+ and FADH2 NADH and FAD NADH and FADH2 - NADH and FADH2 The step of cellular respiration that results in the biggest direct payoff of ATP is - The electron transport chain In the absence of oxygen this is the route taken by the cell to generate ATP - Glycolysis Fermentation Cell membranes are - Dynamic and exist in a fluid state Important in maintaining the internal environment of cells Composed of lipid bi-layers Embedded with transmembrane proteins This type of organism does not have a nucleus - Prokaryote This type of organism has its DNA organized into an operon- with multiple genes co-transcribed - Prokaryotes Chloroplasts Mitochondria This organelle is the primary sorting location for proteins bound for other places in the cell - Golgi apparatus Which six elements are the most important for the survival of life? - C, H, N, O, P, S The shared biochemistry of all life is among the evidence for - Shared common descent of all life on earth The bacterial community in our bodies is called - The microbiome Water has which property or properties? - Hydrophilic Forms hydrogen bonds Ocean acidification is resulting due to - Global release of CO2 through the use of fossil fuels Which other element (besides carbon) is often suggested as having the potential for life? - Silicon All things being equal, which fatty acid will have a lower melting point? - Short chain fatty acid Which type of molecular interaction is strongest? - Covalent bonds