Aice Psychology - Research Methods Questions with 100% Complete Answers, Rated to Pass

Lab Experiment - Investigation looking for a relationship in which the IV is manipulated and is expected to be reasonable for changes in the DV Strength: - High standardization -Easy to repeat for reliability - High levels of control researchers are confident IV affects the DV Weakness: - Lack Ecological Validity - Lack Mundane Realism - Participants may respond to Demand Characteristics Independent Variable - The variable the psychologists choose to manipulate or change Control - Exposed to all of the experiment but does not get what is being tested Experimental - Gets all of the experiment plus what is being tested Dependent Variable - The variable that the psychologist chooses to measure Field Experiment - Takes place in a natural environment that might affect the DV (Weather, Time of day, etc.) Strengths - Has high ecological validity, participants do NOT know that they are part of the study - little to no demand characteristics - behavior more natural and valid. Weakness - Situational variables hard to control so difficult to know if the IV affecting the DV - ethical guidelines (informed consent and deception) Experiment types - Laboratory - High internal validity - High reliability - Good ethics (consent, debriefed, Right To Withdraw) Field - Low internal validity - Medium levels of reliability - Some consent, debriefing more difficult no RTW Natural - Low internal validity - Low levels of reliability - Hard to repeat - Hard to get consent and debrief also no RTW Questionnaires - Strength - More likely to be truthful, large sample and short time increases the representativeness and generalisability. Weakness - May give socially desirable answers which lowers validity Likert Scale (Questionnaire) - Statements (Ex. Owning a pet is good for your health, Strongly agree, Agree, Disagree Rating Scale (Questionnaire) - Questions or statements in a form of a number Scale of 1-10 how happy are you in this class Open ended (Questionnaire) - Participant develops an answer. (Ex. Tell me about a happy childhood memory) Closed-Question (Questionnaire) - A Yes or No, or set of options (Ex. Pick the emotion you are feeling right now Happy, Sad, Moody, Tired) Interviews - Answers are in spoken form Strength - Can give more reason why one behaves a certain way Weakness - Can be less likely to tell truth for social reasons - Face-to-face - Don't want to be judged Structured (Interviews) - Uses a set of questions and every participant answers the same questions in the same order Unstructured (Interview) - Have an initial question to begin then each subsequent question will depend on the response Semi-structured (Interview) - Involves certain questions that must be asked but can be in a different order or other questions can be asked Case Study - In depth detailed analysis of the individual or close-knit group Strength - Collect a lot of rich data for more validity Weakness - Generalization is hard to make (only looked at one person also a relationship can form between participant/researcher which can lower validity)