ATI Nutrition Exam Questions and Correct Answers.
Function of iron Answer - it is responsible for hemoglobin formation/function, cellular oxidation of glucose, antibody production, and collagen synthesis
Iron food sources
what increased the absorption of iron? Answer - lean red meats, organ meat, egg yolks,
whole grains, green leafy vegetables, beans, raisins, peanut butter
Vit C increases absorption of iron (OJ, tomatoes)
What factors influence the body's need for protein Answer - tissue growth needs
quality of the dietary protein
added needs due to illness
pregnancy/lactation
What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins? Answer - complete: generally from animals sources and contains all 9 essential amino acids
incomplete: generally from plants (grains, nuts, legumes, fruits, vegetables) and do not contain all of the essential amino acids
What is B12 and why is it important? What causes a deficiency? Answer - water soluble
vitamin AKA Cobalamin
- necessary for the production of RBC
- deficiency is causes pernicious anemia and is seen mosly in strict vegetarians and those with the absence of intrinsic factor needed for absorption of b12
Sources of B12 Answer - food of animal origin: beef liver, shell fish, fortified grains
Function of Vitamin C Answer - water soluble vitamin aka "ascorbic acid"
iron absportion, antioxidant, tissue building
-deficiency can cause scurvy, decreased iron absorption, and bleeding gums
Sources of Vitamin C Answer - citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, green leafy vegetables, strawberries,
Fiber Answer - carbohydrate that does not yield energy to the body
-impt for bowel elimination; adds bulk to the feces and stimulates peristalsis to ease elimination -part of fruits, vegetables, and grains that is not broken down by your body: pectin, gum,
cellulose, mucilage
What are some foods high in fiber content Answer - prunes, rasberries, blackberrries, artichokes, legumes, high fiber cereal, whole grains
Fat soluble vitamins Answer - A,D,E,K - have potential for toxicity due to ability to be stored in body for long periods of time
-stored in the liver and fatty tissues, and are eliminated much more slowly than water-
soluble vitamins
A: vision
D: bone development
E: protects cells from oxidation
K: normal blood clotting
Water soluble vitamins Answer - Vitamin C and B-complex
-your body metabolizes what it can and flushes out the excess through pee
C: iron absorption, antioxidant, tissue building
B: cell metabolism, energy, neurological function
(Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Pyridoxine, Folate, Cobalamin)
Vitamin D Answer - function: maintain serum calcium and phosphorus, aid in bone development
sources: fish, fortified dairy products, SUNLIGHT
deficiency: low serun calcium, fragile bones, rickets
B1 Answer - water soluble vitamin aka "thamin"
function: muscle energy, GI support, CV support
sources: meats, grains, legumes
deficiency: Beriberi, altered digestion, CNS and CV problems
CHO Answer - carbohydrate: organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
types: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose,
maltose), polysaccharides (starches, fiber)
fuction: to provide ENERGY for the body
*130 g/day needed to fuel the brain
Low cholesterol diet Answer - avoid saturated and trans fats (red meat, full fat dairy)
-limit saturated fat to 10% of calories and cholesterol to 300 mg/day
-increase monounsaturated fats and soluble fiber
include: oatmeal, oat bran (High fiber foods), fish and omega-3 fatty acids, walnuts/almonds/other nuts, olive oil, plant sterols
clear liquid diet Answer - Foods that are clear and liquid at room temperature
-water, tea, coffee, fat-free broth, carbonated beverages, clear juices, ginger ale, gelatin
Function of iron Answer - it is responsible for hemoglobin formation/function, cellular oxidation of glucose, antibody production, and collagen synthesis
Iron food sources
what increased the absorption of iron? Answer - lean red meats, organ meat, egg yolks,
whole grains, green leafy vegetables, beans, raisins, peanut butter
Vit C increases absorption of iron (OJ, tomatoes)
What factors influence the body's need for protein Answer - tissue growth needs
quality of the dietary protein
added needs due to illness
pregnancy/lactation
What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins? Answer - complete: generally from animals sources and contains all 9 essential amino acids
incomplete: generally from plants (grains, nuts, legumes, fruits, vegetables) and do not contain all of the essential amino acids
What is B12 and why is it important? What causes a deficiency? Answer - water soluble
vitamin AKA Cobalamin
- necessary for the production of RBC
- deficiency is causes pernicious anemia and is seen mosly in strict vegetarians and those with the absence of intrinsic factor needed for absorption of b12
Sources of B12 Answer - food of animal origin: beef liver, shell fish, fortified grains
Function of Vitamin C Answer - water soluble vitamin aka "ascorbic acid"
iron absportion, antioxidant, tissue building
-deficiency can cause scurvy, decreased iron absorption, and bleeding gums
Sources of Vitamin C Answer - citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, green leafy vegetables, strawberries,
Fiber Answer - carbohydrate that does not yield energy to the body
-impt for bowel elimination; adds bulk to the feces and stimulates peristalsis to ease elimination -part of fruits, vegetables, and grains that is not broken down by your body: pectin, gum,
cellulose, mucilage
What are some foods high in fiber content Answer - prunes, rasberries, blackberrries, artichokes, legumes, high fiber cereal, whole grains
Fat soluble vitamins Answer - A,D,E,K - have potential for toxicity due to ability to be stored in body for long periods of time
-stored in the liver and fatty tissues, and are eliminated much more slowly than water-
soluble vitamins
A: vision
D: bone development
E: protects cells from oxidation
K: normal blood clotting
Water soluble vitamins Answer - Vitamin C and B-complex
-your body metabolizes what it can and flushes out the excess through pee
C: iron absorption, antioxidant, tissue building
B: cell metabolism, energy, neurological function
(Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Pyridoxine, Folate, Cobalamin)
Vitamin D Answer - function: maintain serum calcium and phosphorus, aid in bone development
sources: fish, fortified dairy products, SUNLIGHT
deficiency: low serun calcium, fragile bones, rickets
B1 Answer - water soluble vitamin aka "thamin"
function: muscle energy, GI support, CV support
sources: meats, grains, legumes
deficiency: Beriberi, altered digestion, CNS and CV problems
CHO Answer - carbohydrate: organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
types: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose,
maltose), polysaccharides (starches, fiber)
fuction: to provide ENERGY for the body
*130 g/day needed to fuel the brain
Low cholesterol diet Answer - avoid saturated and trans fats (red meat, full fat dairy)
-limit saturated fat to 10% of calories and cholesterol to 300 mg/day
-increase monounsaturated fats and soluble fiber
include: oatmeal, oat bran (High fiber foods), fish and omega-3 fatty acids, walnuts/almonds/other nuts, olive oil, plant sterols
clear liquid diet Answer - Foods that are clear and liquid at room temperature
-water, tea, coffee, fat-free broth, carbonated beverages, clear juices, ginger ale, gelatin
