CDIS-410 Midterm Exam (Weeks 1-6) Complete Solution

CDIS-410 Midterm Exam (Weeks 1-6) Complete Solution Chronological Age measured in UNITS OF TIME (i.e. Years) = their ACTUAL AGE Biological Age 1. Where people stand relative to the # OF YEARS THEY WILL LIVE -Example = 65 when expected to die @ 70 years vs. 65 when expected to die @ 90 years 2. Age of body's ORGAN SYSTEMS & PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Functional Age 1. COMPETENCE in carrying out specific tasks -Examples = Walking, Driving, Sports 2. Measure of a person's ability to function effectively in his or her physical and social environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age Psychological Age how well a person ADAPTS to changing conditions () Social Age VIEWS held by most members of a society about what individuals in a particular Chronological Age group SHOULD DO and HOW THEY SHOULD BEHAVE -Examples = Marriage, Children, Career Life Expectancy - AVERAGE # OF YEARS that individuals in a particular birth cohort can be EXPECTED TO LIVE -DOESN'T consider HOW LONG individual members will live - Life Expectancy as of 2020: Males = 76 Females = 81 -INCREASE or DECREASE due to Drugs/Alcohol -Can be based on LOCATION of where you LIVE (i.e. Country, City, etc.) Life Span MAXIMUM LONGEVITY/LENGTH OF LIFE -Extreme UPPER LIMIT OF TIME that a species can live (i.e. Currently 120 years) Need For Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - Textbook/School Information can be OUTDATED - New KNOWLEDGE, TECHNOLOGIES & INTERVENTIONS - Knowledge Explosion makes it IMPOSSIBLE to "KEEP UP": too much information ONLINE -EBP leads: -IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES, REDUCED COSTS, HIGHER QUALITY CARE, GREATER PROVIDER SATISFACTION (Melnyk, 2010) - 28% better patient outcomes with BEST & LATEST EVIDENCE (Heater, 1988) - Patients should receive case based on the BEST AVAILABLE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE (IOM, 2001) Components For EBP -EBP is the integration of: 1. Clinical Expertise 2. Expert Opinion 3. Knowledge 4. Judgement 5. Critical Reasoning *All 5 acquired through TRAINING & PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE -Components: 1. Clinical Experience 2. Scientific Evidence 3. Patient Values -The best available evidence gathered from the SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE (External Evidence) and from DATA & OBSERVATIONS collected on the individual client (Internal Evidence) -CLIENT, PATIENT, CAREGIVER PERSPECTIVES PERSONAL & CULTURAL CIRCUMSTANCES, VALUES, PRIORITIES & EXPECTATION identified by client & their family -How To "Best Available Research": 1. Define The Question 2. Find The Evidence 3. Assess The Evidence 4. Make The Decision/Conclusion What PICO Stands For P = Population, Patient, Problem *Who Are The Patients? *What Is The Problem? I = Intervention or Exposure *What Do We Do To Them? *What Are They Exposed To? C = Comparison *What Do We Compare The Intervention With? O = Outcome *What Happens? *What Is The Outcome? Neurotransmitters - Definition: The CHEMICAL component of ELECTROCHEMICAL CONDUCTION -Approximately 40-50 substances are NEUROTRANSMITTERS -Released in the AXON TERMINAL@ the SYNAPSE -Detected by RECEPTORS on the ADJACENT Neuron -Function: They assist in the regulation of the BRAIN's ability to...