CMAN 380 Module Final Exam 2024 with complete solution

CMAN 380 Module Final Exam 2024 with complete solution Epidemiologic Triangle - Answer ️️ -Environment, agent, host Factors - Answer ️️ -factors affected by... -diet/exercise -recreational activities -management of stress levels Genes vs. Lifestyle - Answer ️️ -Heart Disease -Family history made up only 17% of a person's risk -Poor lifestyle choices, 83% of the risk Cancer -About 25% of colon cancers are in people with some family history of the disease -75% of colon cancers are not from genetics -80% to 90% of lung cancers are caused by smoking Types of studies - Answer ️️ -prospective v. retrospective Prospective study key components - Answer ️️ -All subjects are free of disease at the start of the study Establish a causal association between factor X and the disease Y Demonstrate a temporal relationship (factor X preceded disease Y) Prospective study time frame - Answer ️️ -Investigators have a primary focus Example: to learn more about cardiovascular disease or cancer Data collected from the cohort is over time Investigators identified a cohort (group) of possible subjects who would be feasible to follow for a prolonged period Prospective study examples - Answer ️️ -Framingham Heart Study Nurses Health Study Physicians' Health Study Framingham heart study - Answer ️️ -In 1948, FHS scientists and participants embarked on an ambitious project to identify risk factors for heart disease. Today, the study remains a world- class epicenter for cutting-edge heart, brain, bone, and sleep research Calculate a Risk Score Learn your risk of developing heart disease. Type simple information such as your age and weight into our calculators. High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity Risk assessment tool for estimating your 10 year risk of having a heart attack - Answer ️️ - Framingham heart study Evidence Based Research - Answer ️️ -taking findings from studies and implementing into practice Colas and Osteoporosis from Framingham Osteoporosis Study - Answer ️️ -cola consumption lowers bone mineral density in older women related to phosphoric acid Prospective Study NHS 3 - Answer ️️ -These studies are largest and longest investigations that influence women's health started in 1976, expanded in 1989, still going can join at any time Findings from Nurses' Health Study (NHS) - Answer ️️ -Smoking increases risk of colon cancer A Mediterranean-type diet reduces risk of incident of CHD and stroke. Fish intake reduces risk of stroke. Refined carbohydrates and trans fats increase risk of CHD. Physical activity (3 hours/week reduces risk of breast cancer. Diabetes increases risk of hip fracture. Increasing years spend working rotating night shifts increases risk of hip fracture. Higher Vitamin D level lowers risks of colon cancer Banning Trans Fats - Answer ️️ -Trans fats in a comprehensive assessment of diet in the Nurses' Health Study cohort of more than 100,000 women and devel