NASM CPT Final Exam Study Guide Complete, latest
fall 2022.
Proprioception
The body's ability to to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body
Ex: when walking our feet give us proprioception about the type of surface we are on.
Mechanoreceptors
specialized structures that recognize pressure in tissue and transmit signals to sensory
nerves.
Muscle Spindles
sensory receptors in the muscles that are parallel to the muscle fibers and are sensitive
to change in muscle length. Spindles stretch with muscle and sends information to CNS.
helps to prevent muscles from stretching too far or too fast
Golgi Tendon Organs
sensory receptors that are located at the point where the skeletal muscle fibers insert
into the tendon. Sensitive to change in tension at the rate of change
causes the muscle to relax
Epimysium
connective tissue UNDER fascia that acts as an outer layer of the whole muscle
Perimysium
connective tissue acts as an outer layer of fascicles
Endomysium
between the individual muscle fibers
Type 1 Muscle Fiber
"slow-twitch", smaller in size, lessforce produced, long-term contractions (stabilization)
Type 2 Muscle Fiber
fast twitch, larger, quick to fatigue, force and power exercises
Agonist
PRIME MOVER, main muscles
ex: chest press-> pectoralis major
Synergist
ASSIST PRIME MOVER,
ex: chest press -> ant deltoid, triceps
Stabilizer
stabilizes while prime mover and assist work.
chest press -> rotator cuff
Antagonist
Oppose Prime mover,
chest press -> posterior delt
Right Atrium
gather DEOXGENATED blood returning to the heart from ENTIRE BODY
, Left Atrium
gathers OXYGENATED blood coming from the LUNGS
Right Ventricle
thin walls pumps under low pressure. Pumps to lungs
Left Ventricle
thick walls, pumps under high pressure to rest of body
Metabolism
all of the chemical reactions that happen in our body to maintain itself. Nutrients are
acquired, transported and used by the body.
Exercise Metabolism
bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands on body
during exercise
Substrates
where enzymes act
Carbohydrates
Sugars, starches, and fiber. Provide the body with a source of fuel and energy required
for all daily activities
Glucose
a simple sugar that comes from the digestion of carbs that is transported through the
blood and is used or stored as energy
Glycogen
the stored form of carbs, when needed it converts to glucose and used
Fat
a secondary source of energy
Trigylcerides
come from fats, when calories are consumed but not used they are converted and
stored in fat cells
Protein
Amino acids that build and repair body tissues and structures. A third energy source,
usually not until starvation.
Recommended 0.8 g per day Adults, 1.2-1.7 per day strength athletes, 1.2-1.4
endurance athletes
1 g = 4 calories
Gluconeogenesis
glucose form from non carb sources like amino acids
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Energy storage and transfer unit in the cells. When chemical bonds that hold it together
are broken, energy is released
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
molecule produced by ATP
ATP-PC system
simpliest and fastest, occurs without oxygen (anaerobic), provides energy for high
intensity, short-duration
ex: power and strentgh
Glycosis System
produces lots of energy for 30-50 sec. Typical bc it falls in the time frame of 8-12 reps
fall 2022.
Proprioception
The body's ability to to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body
Ex: when walking our feet give us proprioception about the type of surface we are on.
Mechanoreceptors
specialized structures that recognize pressure in tissue and transmit signals to sensory
nerves.
Muscle Spindles
sensory receptors in the muscles that are parallel to the muscle fibers and are sensitive
to change in muscle length. Spindles stretch with muscle and sends information to CNS.
helps to prevent muscles from stretching too far or too fast
Golgi Tendon Organs
sensory receptors that are located at the point where the skeletal muscle fibers insert
into the tendon. Sensitive to change in tension at the rate of change
causes the muscle to relax
Epimysium
connective tissue UNDER fascia that acts as an outer layer of the whole muscle
Perimysium
connective tissue acts as an outer layer of fascicles
Endomysium
between the individual muscle fibers
Type 1 Muscle Fiber
"slow-twitch", smaller in size, lessforce produced, long-term contractions (stabilization)
Type 2 Muscle Fiber
fast twitch, larger, quick to fatigue, force and power exercises
Agonist
PRIME MOVER, main muscles
ex: chest press-> pectoralis major
Synergist
ASSIST PRIME MOVER,
ex: chest press -> ant deltoid, triceps
Stabilizer
stabilizes while prime mover and assist work.
chest press -> rotator cuff
Antagonist
Oppose Prime mover,
chest press -> posterior delt
Right Atrium
gather DEOXGENATED blood returning to the heart from ENTIRE BODY
, Left Atrium
gathers OXYGENATED blood coming from the LUNGS
Right Ventricle
thin walls pumps under low pressure. Pumps to lungs
Left Ventricle
thick walls, pumps under high pressure to rest of body
Metabolism
all of the chemical reactions that happen in our body to maintain itself. Nutrients are
acquired, transported and used by the body.
Exercise Metabolism
bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands on body
during exercise
Substrates
where enzymes act
Carbohydrates
Sugars, starches, and fiber. Provide the body with a source of fuel and energy required
for all daily activities
Glucose
a simple sugar that comes from the digestion of carbs that is transported through the
blood and is used or stored as energy
Glycogen
the stored form of carbs, when needed it converts to glucose and used
Fat
a secondary source of energy
Trigylcerides
come from fats, when calories are consumed but not used they are converted and
stored in fat cells
Protein
Amino acids that build and repair body tissues and structures. A third energy source,
usually not until starvation.
Recommended 0.8 g per day Adults, 1.2-1.7 per day strength athletes, 1.2-1.4
endurance athletes
1 g = 4 calories
Gluconeogenesis
glucose form from non carb sources like amino acids
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Energy storage and transfer unit in the cells. When chemical bonds that hold it together
are broken, energy is released
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
molecule produced by ATP
ATP-PC system
simpliest and fastest, occurs without oxygen (anaerobic), provides energy for high
intensity, short-duration
ex: power and strentgh
Glycosis System
produces lots of energy for 30-50 sec. Typical bc it falls in the time frame of 8-12 reps
