DAANCE module 3 study guide

DAANCE module 3 study guide Basic requirements of an anesthetic - Lack of toxicity Non-flammable Preferably non-addictive Minimal allergenicity The components of balanced anesthesia (4) - Analgesia Amnesia Relaxation Loss of consciousness (hypnosis) Hypnosis - Feeling of being asleep. Agents which are most effective in providing loss of consciousness and hypnosis are proposal and barbiturates such as methohexital (brevital.) Relaxation and immobility - SX is often performed adjacent to important anatomical structures such as nerves of the face and neck so it is essential that the pt. Be relaxed and immobile during the procedure. Benzodiazepines used: versed, propofol, brevital, ketamine. Amnesia - Failure to remember events related to surgery. The agents that provide the most effective amnesia are benzodiazepines like versed (midazolam) and valum (diazepam) Analgesia - inability to feel pain Drugs used to achieve: ketamine, fentanyl. Additional desirable attributes of an anesthetic - Maintenance of the body's homeostatic mechanisms. (BP, HR.) Rapid, smooth comfortable induction Freedom of post operative nausea and vomiting Retention of sufficient pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes to prevent aspiration but predispose pt to laryngospasm. Post of euphoria Rapid recovery and readiness for discharge Easily adapted and used for children and seniors Capable of easy administration with familiar equipment and supplies A technique well documented in the anesthesia literature and consistent with techniques currently used by anesthesiologists Cost effective 5 primary areas within the CNS where anesthetics work - 1. The centers of emotion 2. The centers of wakefulness 3. The relay center 4. Opioid receptors 5. The vital centers The centers of emotion - Benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) and midazolam (versed) exert their effects in the centers of emotion and reduce anxiety. (They are anxiolytics.) The centers of wakefulness - There are radiators from the base of the brain to the cerebral cortex that maintain our state of wakefullness. Agents such as propofol and methohexital interrupt these radiations and induce a state of hypnosis or sleep. The relay cente