ALTA Review for CALT EXAM** Questions with Complete Solutions

Analytic Teaching - presents the whole and teaches how this came be broken down into it component parts(ex-syllable division) synthetic teaching - presents the parts of a language and then teaches how the parts work together(ex-spelling) Anaphora - using a pronoun or definite article to reference to something already mentioned. The TURTLE moved slowly. IT creepy along. derivational morpheme - are in the form of prefixes, suffixes, and inflectional endings., represent relatively consistent meanings, they change the syntactic classification of a word. examples pre, anti and sub. Change drive to driver goes from verb to noun. norm referenced test - tests designed to compare individual students with national averages or norms of expectancy norm referenced test - woodcock johnson test gray oral reading test comprehensive test of basic skills itbs test of academic proficiency norm referenced test - scores are usually reported as percentile ranks scores range from 1st percentile to 99th percentile average student score is at the 50th percentile Quartile - a way of describing position of a score on a normal referenced test. the score falls in one of five groups criterion referenced test - A test that describes the specific types of skills, tasks, or knowledge of an individual relative to a well-defined mastery criterion. The content of criterion-referenced tests is limited to certain specified objectives. The student's performance on this type of test helps the teacher to determine the specific criteria or skills on which the student needs help. criterion reference test - quick phonics screener words their way spelling inventory test created by teachers STAAR Summative Assessment - Assessing student learning at the end of an educational experience to evaluate the effectiveness of the experience. Formative Assessment - used to see if students have learned material right after it has been presented morphonology - study of the different allomorphs of the morpheme and the rules governing their use 6 syllable types - Closed, open, vowel-consonant-silent e, vowel pair, R-controlled, and consonant-le. Section 504 Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Extends civil rights to people with disabilities idea - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act section 504 and idea - 504 states that any program receiving "federal funds" must provide equivalent service, but must be identical. Under IDEA, students have more access to more services-the program is federal funded. IQ Discrepancy Model - capture and compare a student's scores on different types of test. it compares assessments of a child's intellectual ability (IQ) with how much progress he's making in school (academic achievement. quasi-experimental research - attempts to determine the cause and effect without strict randomized controlled trials, is valid, but less reliable FAPE - Free Appropriate Public Education- Special Education Services that are provided at public expense must meet standards of that state's educational agency. Must be available to preschool, elementary, and secondary levels and must follow individual education plans Qualitative Research - research that collection data through various kinds of observations Quantitative research - research results are based on a large sample that is represented by the population Scarborough's reading rope - Language comprehension -INCREASINGLY STRATEGIC! (background knowledge, vocab, syntax/semantics, verbal reasoning & literacy knowledge) + word recognition-INCREASINGLY AUTOMATIC! (decoding, sight words, phonological awareness) = skilled reading (fluency and comprehension) Morphology - units of meaning involved in word formation Morpheme - smallest unit of MEANING in language unbound or free morpheme - a morpheme that can stand alone bound morpheme - A morpheme that must be "bound" with another morpheme to form a word. Ex: un, ish, es, ed, pre Phonetics - study of the characteristics of individual speech sounds(articulation, how the air flows, activity of the vocal chords) Phonology - system for rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language. pronunciation variations occur based on phoneme position or surrounding sounds. Phonics - Instruction in the association of speech sounds with printed symbols. provides the visual representative of spoken word. spelling - translates speech sounds into letters or letters patterns. spelling starts with sounds not letters sequence. orthography - rules that government how words are represented in writing. Diagnostic Teaching - teaching that is informed by a continual assessment of student needs. academic abilities and limitations. prescriptive teaching - individualized teaching based on needs. must flow from assessment, addressing the learner and and his style of learning. spelling score 0 - not all sounds are represented (tk or thk for thick) spelling score 1 - all sounds are marked, but two or more letters are not reasonable representations of the sounds or extra letters are added(tig or fek or thick; tickgt or thiegk for thick) spelling score 2 - all sounds are marked, but one letter is not reasonable representation of a sound; no extra letters are added (tik or thek for thick) spelling score 3 - all sounds are marked with reasonable representations (thik of thick for thic) spelling score 4 - the spelling is almost conventional, but a letter is added or doubled (thicker or thick for thick) spelling score 5 - correct spelling