MN 552 Midterm Exam Guide Graded A 2024

What role do therapeutic modalities play in rehabilitation? - - decrease pain - increase ROM - improve tissue healing - improve muscle recruitment Types of Therapeutic Modalities - - thermal (heat and cold) - electromagnetic (electrotherapy, diathermy, ultraviolet, and infrared light - mechanical (traction and compression) Cryotherapy (cold/ice) - - decrease blow flow/tissue metabolism - increase threshold for pain perception *ice, cold water/packs, vapocoolant sprays Thermotherapy (heat) - - facilitate tissue healing/relaxation - decrease spasms - decrease pain - increase blood flow - increase tissue extensibility *warm water, heat packs, diathermy, ultrasound Electrotherapy - - strengthening - relaxing - decrease pain - decrease edema - increase tissue and would healing/blood flow - neuromuscular re-education *TENS, NMES, FES, iontophoresis Electromagnetic Radiation - Shortwave Diathermy/Infrared Radiation - increase tissue temperature - promote wound healing Mechanical Modalities - Compression - wraps, stockings, garments, compression pumps - decrease edema - decrease modeling scar tissue Traction - manual or mechanical - decrease compression or structures Acoustic Modalities - Thermal Ultrasound - increase tissue temperature Non-Thermal Ultrasound - altered cell permeability Arndt-Schultz Principle - insufficient energy to stimulate target structures results in no reaction or change, and too much energy is detrimental to tissue Law of Grotthus-Draper - there is an inverse relationship between energy absorption and penetration *Energy Exchange: reflection, refraction, transmission, absorption Inverse-Square Law - amount of energy transferred relates to inverse square of the distance between objects *1/2 the distance = 4x the heating effect Cosine Law - the greater the angle between the beam of energy and the surface, the less the amount of energy transfer Energy moves from a... - higher to a lower source Gate Control Theory - modulation of pain; closing the gate to delta-fibers and opening the gate to A/B fibers -- diminishes pain Contraindications - increase chance of adverse event or undesired outcome Precautions - factors, findings, or circumstances that require special consideration Common and Contraindications and Precautions - - decreased sensation - decreased cognition/communication - electronic implants: pacemakers, cardioverter, defibrillators, phrenic nerve stimulators, pain pumps - pregnancy - cancer Informed Consent - patient's right to receive information about their diagnosis and treatment and to grant consent to receive treatment