THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS: CHAPTER 2 100% CORRECT QUESTION AND ANSWER

THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS: CHAPTER 2 100% CORRECT QUESTION AND ANSWER What is matter? - CORRECT ANSWER-Matter is anything that occupies space. Matter exists in 3 states: 1,2,3. - CORRECT ANSWER-Liquid, gas, and solid. What is an element? - CORRECT ANSWER-An element is matter that is composed of atoms tat have the same number of positive charges in their nuclei. What elements make up 96% of the body weight? - CORRECT ANSWER-Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. What are elements composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Atoms. What is an atom? - CORRECT ANSWER-Atom is the smallest unit of an element. What is an atom composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER-A proton, neutron, and electron. Where are the protons and neutrons located? - CORRECT ANSWER-In the nucleus. Protons carry a _____ charge. - CORRECT ANSWER-Positive electric charge. Neutrons carry _______ charge. - CORRECT ANSWER-No electrical charge. Electrons carry a ______ charge. - CORRECT ANSWER-Negative electrical charge. ______ is the simplest and smallest atom. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrogen. What is a compound? - CORRECT ANSWER-If a molecule is built from two or more different elements. What is the atomic number? - CORRECT ANSWER-The number of protons in the nucleus. How is the atomic mass determined? - CORRECT ANSWER-By adding the numbers of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. What is an isotope? - CORRECT ANSWER-A different form of the same atom. Describe an isotope. - CORRECT ANSWER-Often unstable, and their nuclei break down, or decay, giving off energy. What are unstable isotopes called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Radioisotopes. The process of decay is called _______. - CORRECT ANSWER-Radioactivity. Electrons surround in the nucleus in orbits called energy levels or ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Electron shells. How many electrons can each shell of the nucleus hold? - CORRECT ANSWER-The inner shell can only hold two, while the second and the third can hold eight each. What are the three types of chemical bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ionic, convalent, and hydrogen. Describe ionic bond. - CORRECT ANSWER-Caused by a transfer of electrons between atoms. Describe covalent bond. - CORRECT ANSWER-Sharing of electrons by the outer shells of the atoms. What type of bond is water? - CORRECT ANSWER-Covalent bond. What type of bond is Table Salt? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ionic bond. Describe hydrogen bond. - CORRECT ANSWER-Weak attraction between water molecules. What is a polar molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER-A molecule that has a lopsided charge - a positive and negative end. What is an ion? - CORRECT ANSWER-Atoms that carry an electrical charge. If the ion is positively charged, it's a ______. - CORRECT ANSWER-Cation. If the ion is negatively charged, it's a _______. - CORRECT ANSWER-Anion. What is an electrolyte? - CORRECT ANSWER-A substance that forms ions when it is dissolved in water. When are ions formed? - CORRECT ANSWER-When the electrons in the outer shell are lost or gained. When an electrolyte splits, or breaks apart in a solution, the electrolyte is said to _________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Dissociate. What is a compound? - CORRECT ANSWER-Molecules formed by two or more different atoms. What is a catalyst? - CORRECT ANSWER-Speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. When proteins preform the role of catalysts, they are called ______. - CORRECT ANSWER-Enzymes. What is an acid? - CORRECT ANSWER-An electrolyte that dissociates into a hydrogen ion and an anion. What is a base? - CORRECT ANSWER-A base has a bitter taste and is slippery like soap. What is the normal pH of blood? - CORRECT ANSWER-7.35-7.45 What is energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-The ability to preform work. What are the six forms of energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mechanical, chemical, electrical, radiant, thermal, and nuclear. How is mechanical energy expressed? - CORRECT ANSWER-As movement. What is chemical energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy stored in chemical bonds. What is electrical energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy released from the movement of charged particles. What is radiant energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy that travels in waves. What is thermal energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy transferred because of a temperature difference. What is nuclear energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy released during the decay of radioactive substances such as isotopes. What is ATP? - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy. What is ATP composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER-A base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups. What is the difference between ADP and ATP? - CORRECT ANSWER-ADP has one less phosphate group.