Pediatric CCRN Exam Questions with correct Answers
3 causes for Fetal shunt closure - 1. increase in aterial oxygen tension 2. decreased prostaglandins 3. decreased adenosine levels When does the Ductus Arteriosus close? - within 10-24 hours of birth When does the Foramen Ovale Close? - When LA pressure exceeds RA pressure (can stay open for 6mo to a year) What does Cardiac Output measure? - Efficiency of the heart Cardiac Output is the measure of what? - Volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute How is cardiac output calculated? - Stroke volume x heart rate Define Preload - Elasticity of the heart when the ventricles are at max fill Two factors contributing to DECREASE in preload - 1. dehydration 2. vasodilation Define Afterload - Resistant force that the ventricles must pump against. Work that the ventricles must do to push blood through the aorta into the periphery of the body Define Contractility - The amount of force exerted by the heart with each contraction Name one factor that decreases contractility in the heart - hypoxemia How does dopamine affect heart function - increases contractility and stroke volume
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