UTA INSY 2303 Study Guide with Complete Solution

UTA INSY 2303 Study Guide with Complete Solution Convergence - The expansion of cloud computing, a process by which several technologies with distinct functionalities evolve to form a single product. Your computer plays movies. Your cell phone has a camera. Your clock has a radio. Cloud computing - A process that provided access to information, applications, communications, and storage over the Internet. Digital data - Text, numbers, graphics, or sound represented by discrete digits, such as 1s and 0s. Analog data - Data that is measured or represented on a continuously varying scale, such as a dimmer switch or a watch with a sweep second hand. Compression - Any technique that recodes the data in a file so that it contains fewer bits Lossy compression - Any data compression technique in which some of the data is sacrificed to obtain more compression. Lossless compression - A compression technique that is able to reconstitute all of the data in the original file; hence lossless means that this compression technique does not lose data. Compression is commonly referred to as "zipping". - True On laptops and desktop computers, the compression utility is accessed from the same screen used to manage files. - True Pixel interpolation - A process that is used by graphics software to average the color of adjacent pixels in an image, usually when the image is enlarged. Data - In the context of computing and data management, data refers to the symbols that a computer uses to represent facts and ideas. Information - A computer system that collects, stores, and processes information, usually within the context of an organization. Bitmap - An image, such as a digital photo, that is stored as a grid work of colored dots. A bitmap graphic is composed of a grid of tiny rectangular cells where each cell is a picture element, commonly called a pixel. - True Vector graphics include standard shapes such as circles and rectangles. - True Vector graphics - An image generated from descriptions that specify the position, length, and direction in which lines and shapes are drawn. Vector graphics vs. Bitmap graphics - Vector graphics resize better than bitmaps, require less storage space, are not as realistic as bitmap images, and editing an object is easier than in bitmap. Vector graphics are used for line art, logos, simple illustrations, infographic elements, and diagrams. - True _______ are based on vectors stored as a set of instructions describing the coordinates for lines and shapes in a three-dimensional space. - 3-D graphics Ray tracing - A technique by which light and shadows are added to a 3-D image. Rendering - In graphics software, the process of creating a 3-D solid image by covering a wireframe drawing and applying computer-generated highlights and shadows. Vectors - Lines and curves that form simple shapes. Vectors form a wireframe that works like the framework for a tent. - True Software - The instructions that direct a computer to perform a task, interact with a user, or process data. Application software - A set of computer programs that help users perform a specific task such as word processing. The primary purpose of _______ is to help the computer system monitor itself in order to function efficiently (an example is a computer operating system or OS). - System software _______ are used for creating software applications, Web sites, operating systems, and utilities. - Development tools When a computer "runs" software, it performs the instructions to carry out a task. - True Operating system - The software that controls the computer's use of its hardware resources, such as memory and disk storage space. Storage - A term used for the components of a digital device designed to hold data permanently. A data storage system has two main components: a _______ and a _______. - Storage medium; storage device Storage medium - The disk, tape, CD, or DVD that contains data. Storage device - The mechanical apparatus that records and retrieves data from a storage medium. Magnetic storage - Storage that represents data by magnetizing particles of an oxide-based surface coating. A hard disk drive contains one or more platters and their associated read-write heads. - True A _______ is a flat, rigid disk made of aluminum or glass and coated with magnetic iron oxide particles. - Hard disk platter A read-write head mechanism in the disk drive magnetizes particles to write data, and senses the particles' polarities to read data. - True Access time - The average time it takes a computer to locate data on the storage medium and read it. Data transfer rate - The amount of data a storage device can move per second from the storage medium to RAM.