TEST BANK NURSING NOW Today's Issues, Tomorrow's Trends 8TH EDITION CATALANO

TEST BANK NURSING NOW Today's Issues, Tomorrow's Trends 8TH EDITION CATALANOChapter 1: The Growth of Nursing Questions 1. Nurses are often the primary, and frequently the only, defendants named when errors are made that result in injury to the client. This is due to which concept associated with the nursing profession? 1. Autonomy 2. Accountability 3. Precision 4. Specificity Answer: 2. If a nurse uses information from research as the basis for making decisions about providing care, this nurse is engaging in which type of practice? 1. Client-based practice 2. Physician-based practice 3. Evidence-based practice 4. Provider-based practice Answer: 3. Today’s nurses are often found in remote and often hostile areas, providing care for the sick and dying, working 12-hour shifts, being on call, and working rotating shifts. This is why nursing is universally known as which type of profession? 1. Altruistic 2. Synergistic NURSINGTB.COM 1 | P a g e3. Optimistic 4. Pragmatic Answer: 4. With Florence Nightingale’s radically new idea about a separate educational setting for nurses, the nursing profession took its first steps toward which of the following? 1. Autonomy 2. Accountability 3. Precision 4. Specificity Answer: 5. If an advanced practice nurse is prepared to provide direct client care in primary care settings, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of common health problems, this nurse is acting in which advanced practice role? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Certified nurse midwife 3. Clinical nurse specialist 4. Case manager Answer: 6. If an advanced practice nurse focuses on the care of pregnant women before, during, and after the birth process, this nurse is acting in which advanced practice role? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Certified nurse midwife 3. Clinical nurse specialist NURSINGTB.COM 2 | P a g e4. Case manager Answer: 7. If an advanced practice nurse is comfortable working in high-tech environments with seriously ill individuals and their families, this nurse is acting in which advanced practice role? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Certified nurse midwife 3. Clinical nurse specialist 4. Case manager Answer: 8. If an advanced practice nurse functions to coordinate services for clients with high-risk or long-term health problems who require access to the full continuum of health-care services, this nurse is acting in which advanced practice role? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Certified nurse midwife 3. Clinical nurse specialist 4. Case manager Answer: 9. If a nurse taking action to perform the activities that promote patient care, this nurse is acting with which of the following? 1. Power 2. Control 3. Authority 4. Empowerment NURSINGTB.COM 3 | P a g eAnswer: 10. Although the client likely would prefer to avoid taking medications, tolerating uncomfortable treatments, and participating in demanding activities, he or she cooperates because the nurse has a good relationship with the client; this is an example of which type of power? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Legitimate power Answer: 11. By demonstrating their knowledge of the client’s condition, recent laboratory tests, and other elements that are vital to the client’s recovery, nurses demonstrate which type of power? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Legitimate power Answer: 12. If a nurse employs the underlying principles in the process of behavior modification, the nurse is utilizing which type of power? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Power of rewards Answer: NURSINGTB.COM 4 | P a g e13. If a nurse uses which type of power, it can destroy therapeutic and personal relationships, and it can also be considered unethical and even illegal in certain situations? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Power of rewards Answer: 14. Nursing decisions made about client care can come only from individuals who have which source of power? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Legitimate power Answer: 15. The first, and certainly the most important, way in which nurses can gain power in all areas is through which action? 1. Professional unity 2. Political activity 3. Accountability and professionalism 4. Networking Answer: NURSINGTB.COM 5 | P a g eQuestions, Answers, and Rationales 1. Nurses are often the primary, and frequently the only, defendants named when errors are made that result in injury to the client. This is due to which concept associated with the nursing profession? 1. Autonomy 2. Accountability 3. Precision 4. Specificity ANS: 2 Page: 00 Feedback NURSINGTB.COM 1. This is incorrect. The autonomous nature of the nursing profession has no impact on nurses acting as defendants in court cases. 2. This is correct. Nurses must be accountable and demonstrate a high level of responsibility for the care and services they provide. 3. This is incorrect. The precision in which nurses must practice has no impact on nurses acting as defendants in court cases. 4. This is incorrect. The specificity in which nurses must practice has no impact on nurses acting as defendants in court cases. 2. If a nurse uses information from research as the basis for making decisions about providing care, this nurse is engaging in which type of practice? 6 | P a g e1. Client-based practice 2. Physician-based practice 3. Evidence-based practice 4. Provider-based practice ANS: 3 Page: 00 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Client-based care does not use information from research as the basis for making decisions. 2. This is incorrect. Physician-based care does not use information from research as the basis for making decisions. 3. This is correct. Evidence-based care uses information from research as the basis for making decisions. NURSINGTB.COM 4. This is incorrect. Provider-based care does not use information from research as the basis for making decisions. 3. Today’s nurses are often found in remote and often hostile areas, providing care for the sick and dying, working 12-hour shifts, being on call, and working rotating shifts. This is why nursing is universally known as which type of profession? 1. Altruistic 2. Synergistic 3. Optimistic 7 | P a g ePage 8 of 19 TB 4. Pragmati c ANS: 1 Page: 00 Feedback 1. This is correct. Nursing has been viewed universally as an altruistic profession composed of selfless individuals who place the lives and well-being of their clients above their personal safety. 2. 3. 4. This is incorrect. Nursing is not viewed universally as a synergistic profession. This is incorrect. Nursing is not viewed universally as an optimistic profession. This is incorrect. Nursing is not viewed universally as a pragmatic profession. NURSINGTB.COM 4. With Florence Nightingale’s radically new idea about a separate educational setting for nurses, the nursing profession took its first steps toward which of the following? 1. Autonomy 2. Accountability 3. Precision 4. Specificity ANS: 1 Page: 00 Feedback 8 | P a g ePage 9 of 19 TB 1. This is correct. The nursing profession took its first steps toward autonomy of practice with Florence Nightingale’s radically new idea about a separate educational setting for nurses. 2. This is incorrect. Nightingale’s radically new idea about a separate educational setting for nurses did not lead to accountability. 3. This is incorrect. Nightingale’s radically new idea about a separate educational setting for nurses did not lead to precision. 4. This is incorrect. Nightingale’s radically new idea about a separate educational setting for nurses did not lead to specificity. 5. If an advanced practice nurse is prepared to provide direct client care in primary care settings, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of common health problems, this nurse is acting in which advanced practice role? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Certified nurse midwife 3. Clinical nurse specialist 4. Case manager ANS: 1 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 9 | P a g ePage 10 of 19 TB 1. This is correct. Nurse practitioners are prepared to provide direct client care in primary care settings, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of common health problems 2. This is incorrect. Certified nurse midwives are not prepared to provide direct client care in primary care settings, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of common health problems. 3. This is incorrect. Clinical nurse specialists are not prepared to provide direct client care in primary care settings, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of common health problems. 4. This is incorrect. Case managers are not prepared to provide direct client care in primary care settings, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of common health problems. NURSINGTB.COM 6. If an advanced practice nurse focuses on the care of pregnant women before, during, and after the birth process, this nurse is acting in which advanced practice role? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Certified nurse midwife 3. Clinical nurse specialist 4. Case manager ANS: 2 Page: 00 Feedback 10 | P a g ePage 11 of 19 TB 1. This is incorrect. Nurse practitioners do not focus on the care of pregnant women before, during, and after the birth process 2. This is correct. Certified nurse midwives focus on the care of pregnant women before, during, and after the birth process. 3. This is incorrect. Clinical nurse specialists do not focus on the care of pregnant women before, during, and after the birth process. 4. This is incorrect. Case managers do not focus on the care of pregnant women before, during, and after the birth process. 7. If an advanced practice nurse is comfortable working in high-tech environments with seriously ill individuals and their families, this nurse is acting in which advanced practice role? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Certified nurse midwife 3. Clinical nurse specialist 4. Case manager ANS: 3 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Nurse practitioners are generally not comfortable working in high-tech environments with seriously ill individuals and their families. 11 | P a g ePage 12 of 19 TB 2. This is incorrect. Certified nurse midwives are generally not comfortable working in high-tech environments with seriously ill individuals and their families. 3. This is correct. Certified nurse specialists are comfortable working in high-tech environments with seriously ill individuals and their families. 4. This is incorrect. Case managers are generally not comfortable working in high- tech environments with seriously ill individuals and their families. 8. If an advanced practice nurse functions to coordinate services for clients with high-risk or long-term health problems who require access to the full continuum of health-care services, this nurse is acting in which advanced practice role? 1. Nurse practitioner 2. Certified nurse midwife 3. Clinical nurse specialist 4. Case manager ANS: 4 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Nurse practitioners do not function to coordinate services for clients with high-risk or long-term health problems who require access to the full continuum of health-care services. 12 | P a g ePage 13 of 19 TB 2. This is incorrect. Certified nurse midwives do not function to coordinate services for clients with high-risk or long-term health problems who require access to the full continuum of health-care services. 3. This is incorrect. Clinical nurse specialists do not function to coordinate services for clients with high-risk or long-term health problems who require access to the full continuum of health-care services. 4. This is correct. Case managers function to coordinate services for clients with high-risk or long-term health problems who require access to the full continuum of health-care services. 9. If a nurse taking action to perform the activities that promote patient care, this nurse is acting with which of the following? 1. Power 2. Control 3. Authority 4. Empowermen t ANS: 4 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Power is best defined as the ability or capacity to exert influence over another person or group of persons. 2. This is incorrect. Control is associated with power and authority. 13 | P a g ePage 14 of 19 TB 3. 4. This is incorrect. Authority is associated with power and control. This is correct. Empowerment helps the nurse to take action and perform those activities that promote patient care. 10. Although the client likely would prefer to avoid taking medications, tolerating uncomfortable treatments, and participating in demanding activities, he or she cooperates because the nurse has a good relationship with the client; this is an example of which type of power? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Legitimate power ANS: 1 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is correct. A client who would prefer to avoid taking medications, tolerating uncomfortable treatments, and participating in demanding activities yet cooperates because the nurse has a good relationship with him or her is an example of referent power. 2. This is incorrect. A client who would prefer to avoid taking medications, tolerating uncomfortable treatments, and participating in demanding activities yet cooperates because the nurse has a good relationship with him or her is not an example of expert power. 14 | P a g ePage 15 of 19 TB 3. This is incorrect. A client who would prefer to avoid taking medications, tolerating uncomfortable treatments, and participating in demanding activities yet cooperates because the nurse has a good relationship with him or her is not an example of coercive power. 4. This is incorrect. A client who would prefer to avoid taking medications, tolerating uncomfortable treatments, and participating in demanding activities yet cooperates because the nurse has a good relationship with him or her is not an example of legitimate power. 11. By demonstrating their knowledge of the client’s condition, recent laboratory tests, and other elements that are vital to the client’s recovery, nurses demonstrate which type of power? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Legitimate power ANS: 2 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. By demonstrating their knowledge of the client’s condition, recent laboratory tests, and other elements that are vital to the client’s recovery, nurses do not demonstrate referent power. 15 | P a g ePage 16 of 19 TB 2. This is correct. By demonstrating their knowledge of the client’s condition, recent laboratory tests, and other elements that are vital to the client’s recovery, nurses demonstrate expert power. 3. This is incorrect. By demonstrating their knowledge of the client’s condition, recent laboratory tests, and other elements that are vital to the client’s recovery, nurses do not demonstrate coercive power. 4. This is incorrect. By demonstrating their knowledge of the client’s condition, recent laboratory tests, and other elements that are vital to the client’s recovery, nurses do not demonstrate legitimate power. 12. If a nurse employs the underlying principles in the process of behavior modification, the nurse is utilizing which type of power? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Power of rewards ANS: 4 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. If a nurse employs the underlying principles in the process of behavior modification, the nurse is not utilizing referent power. 16 | P a g ePage 17 of 19 TB 2. This is incorrect. If a nurse employs the underlying principles in the process of behavior modification, the nurse is not utilizing expert power. 3. This is incorrect. If a nurse employs the underlying principles in the process of behavior modification, the nurse is not utilizing coercive power. 4. This is correct. If a nurse employs the underlying principles in the process of behavior modification, the nurse is utilizing power of rewards. 13. If a nurse uses which type of power, it can destroy therapeutic and personal relationships, and it can also be considered unethical and even illegal in certain situations? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Power of rewards ANS: 3 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Referent power does not destroy therapeutic and personal relationships and is not considered unethical or illegal. 2. This is incorrect. Expert power does not destroy therapeutic and personal relationships and is not considered unethical or illegal. 17 | P a g ePage 18 of 19 TB 3. This is correct. If a nurse uses coercive power, it can destroy therapeutic and personal relationships, and it can also be considered unethical and even illegal in certain situations. 4. This is incorrect. Power of rewards does not destroy therapeutic and personal relationships and is not considered unethical or illegal. 14. Nursing decisions made about client care can come only from individuals who have which source of power? 1. Referent power 2. Expert power 3. Coercive power 4. Legitimate power ANS: 4 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Referent power does not allow nursing decisions to be made about client care 2. This is incorrect. Expert power does not allow nursing decisions to be made about client care 3. This is incorrect. Coercive power does not allow nursing decisions to be made about client care. 18 | P a g ePage 19 of 19 TB 4. This is correct. Nursing decisions made about client care can come from only individuals who have legitimate power. 15. The first, and certainly the most important, way in which nurses can gain power in all areas is through which action? 1. Professional unity 2. Political activity 3. Accountability and professionalism 4. Networking ANS: 1 Page: 00 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is correct. The first, and certainly the most important, way in which nurses can gain power in all areas is through professional unity. 2. This is incorrect. Political activity is not the most important way in which nurses can gain power in all areas. 3. This is incorrect. Accountability and professionalism are not the most important way in which nurses can gain power in all areas. 4. This is incorrect. Networking is not the most important way in which nurses can gain power in all areas. 19 | P a g ePage 1 of 19 TB Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives Questions 1. In ancient civilizations, starting from about 3500 B.C., health care was intertwined with religion. Which religion emphasized balance and driving demons out of the ailing body? 1. Taoism 2. Hinduism 3. Buddhism 4. Catholicism Answer: 2. Which war caused more death and injury than any war in the history of the United States and dramatically increased the demand for nurses? 1. Civil War NURSINGTB.COM 2. Korean War 3. Vietnam War 4. Revolutionary War Answer: 3. World War II produced another nursing shortage and, in response, Congress passed which legislative act that shortened hospital-based diploma programs from 36 to 30 months? 1. HITECH Act 2. Bolton Act 3. Hill-Burton Act 4. EMTALA 20 | P a g ePage 2 of 19 TB Answer: 4. For graduate nurses, which nursing symbol retains its significance as a symbol of the ideals and selfless devotion of Florence Nightingale? 1. Nursing cap 2. Nursing pin 3. Lamp 4. Coat of arms Answer: 5. Unlikely as it may seem, which nursing symbol can trace its origins to the heavy protective war shields used by soldiers as far back as the Greek and Roman Empires? 1. Nursing cap 2. Nursing pin 3. Lamp 4. Coat of arms Answer: 6. Which nursing symbol indicated that the student was now off probation and had earned the right to wear it during clinical rotations in the hospital? 1. Nursing cap 2. Nursing pin 3. Lamp 4. Coat of arms Answer: NURSINGTB.COM 21 | P a g ePage 3 of 19 TB 7. At the height of her work in the war, which nursing leader supervised 125 nurses in several large hospitals and was recognized for her accomplishments by the Queen of England with an Order of Merit, the highest award given to English civilians? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb 3. Lillian Wald 4. Lavinia Lloyd Dock Answer: 8. Which nursing leader helped develop the American Journal of Nursing, the first professional journal dedicated to the improvement of nursing, which is still the official journal of the American Nurses Association? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb 3. Lillian Wald 4. Lavinia Lloyd Dock Answer: 9. Many child health and wellness programs in use today are based on the efforts of which nursing leader? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb 3. Lillian Wald 4. Lavinia Lloyd Dock Answer: NURSINGTB.COM 22 | P a g ePage 4 of 19 TB 10. When World War I was over, which nursing leader became a nursing educator, eventually serving as dean at the Yale School of Nursing? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb 3. Lavinia Lloyd Dock 4. Annie Goodrich Answer: 11. Which nursing leader was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2011 for being recognized as an internationally renowned nursing leader who transformed the profession of nursing and made health care more accessible to the general public? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Loretta C. Ford 3. Lavinia Lloyd Dock 4. Annie Goodrich Answer: 12. In general, travel nurse staffing companies require which standard that allows the nurses to meet any staffing requirements of individual facilities? 1. LVN 2. LPN 3. ADN 4. BSN NURSINGTB.COMPage 5 of 19 TB 13. Which nursing leader noticed that many of her fellow students struggled to learn about all the medications that were becoming available and later wrote the first medication textbook for nurses? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Loretta C. Ford 3. Lavinia Lloyd Dock 4. Annie Goodrich Answer: 14. Which of the following focused on what we now call holistic-health practices, which included special diets, massage therapy, and rest to drive evil spirits from a body? 1. Hebrews 2. Buddhism 3. Roman Empire 4. Babylonian Empire Answer: 15. Which of the following developed quite an advanced system of medicine and a pharmacology that included more than 600 medications derived from herbs and plants? 1. Hebrews 2. Buddhism 3. Roman 4. Babylonian NURSINGTB.COMPage 6 of 19 TB Questions, Answers, and Rationales 1. In ancient civilizations, starting from about 3500 B.C., health care was intertwined with religion. Which religion emphasized balance and driving demons out of the ailing body? 1. Taoism 2. Hinduism 3. Buddhism 4. Catholicism ANS: 1 Page: 2 Feedback 1. This is correct. Taoism emphasized balance and driving demons out of the ailing body. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is incorrect. Hinduism did not emphasize balance and driving demons out of the ailing body. 3. This is incorrect. Buddhism did not emphasize balance and driving demons out of the ailing body. 4. This is incorrect. Catholicism did not emphasize balance and driving demons out of the ailing body. 2. Which war caused more death and injury than any war in the history of the United States and dramatically increased the demand for nurses? 1. Civil WarPage 7 of 19 TB 2. Korean War 3. Vietnam War 4. Revolutionary War ANS: 1 Page: 10 Feedback 1. This is correct. The Civil War caused more death and injury than any war in the history of the United States and dramatically increased the demand for nurses. 2. This is incorrect. The Korean War did not cause more death and injury than any war in the history of the United States. 3. This is incorrect. The Vietnam War did not cause more death and injury than any war in the history of the United States. NURSINGTB.COM 4. This is incorrect. The Revolutionary War did not cause more death and injury than any war in the history of the United States. 3. World War II produced another nursing shortage and, in response, Congress passed which legislative act that shortened hospital-based diploma programs from 36 to 30 months? 1. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act 2. Bolton Act 3. Hill-Burton Act 4. The Emergency Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) ANS: 2Page 8 of 19 TB Page: 13 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH ) Act was not passed in response to the nursing shortage created by World War II. 2. This is correct. The Bolton Act was passed in response to the nursing shortage created by World War II. 3. This is incorrect. The Hill-Burton Act was not passed in response to the nursing shortage created by World War II. 4. This is incorrect. The Emergency Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) was not passed in response to the nursing shortage created by World War II. NURSINGTB.COM 4. For graduate nurses, which nursing symbol retains its significance as a symbol of the ideals and selfless devotion of Florence Nightingale? 1. Nursing cap 2. Nursing pin 3. Lamp 4. Coat of arms ANS: 3 Page: 15 FeedbackPage 9 of 19 TB 1. This is incorrect. The nursing cap does not signify the ideals and selfless devotion of Florence Nightingale. 2. This is incorrect. The nursing pin does not signify the ideals and selfless devotion of Florence Nightingale. 3. This is correct. For graduate nurses, the lamp retains its significance as a symbol of the ideals and selfless devotion of Florence Nightingale. 4. This is incorrect. The coat of arms does not signify the ideals and selfless devotion of Florence Nightingale. 5. Unlikely as it may seem, which nursing symbol can trace its origins to the heavy protective war shields used by soldiers as far back as the Greek and Roman Empires. 1. Nursing cap 2. Nursing pin 3. Lamp 4. Coat of arms ANS: 2 Page: 17 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. The origins of the nursing cap do not trace back to the heavy protective war shields used by soldiers as far back as the Greek and Roman Empires.Page 10 of 19 TB 2. This is correct. The nursing pin can trace back to the heavy protective war shields used by soldiers as far back as the Greek and Roman Empires. 3. This is incorrect. The origins of the lamp do not trace back to the heavy protective war shields used by soldiers as far back as the Greek and Roman Empires. 4. This is incorrect. The origins of the coat of arms do not trace back to the heavy protective war shields used by soldiers as far back as the Greek and Roman Empires. 6. Which nursing symbol indicated that the student was now off probation and had earned the right to wear it during clinical rotations in the hospital? 1. Nursing cap 2. Nursing pin 3. Lamp 4. Coat of arms ANS: 1 Page: 22 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is correct. The nursing cap indicated that the student was now off probation and had earned the right to wear it during clinical rotations in the hospital.Page 11 of 19 TB 2. This is incorrect. The nursing pin did not indicate that the student was now off probation and had earned the right to wear it during clinical rotations in the hospital. 3. This is incorrect. The lamp did not indicate that the student was now off probation and had earned the right to wear it during clinical rotations in the hospital. 4. This is incorrect. The coat of arms did not indicate that the student was now off probation and had earned the right to wear it during clinical rotations in the hospital. 7. At the height of her work in the war, which nursing leader supervised 125 nurses in several large hospitals and was recognized for her accomplishments by the Queen of England with an Order of Merit, the highest award given to English civilians? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb 3. Lillian Wald 4. Lavinia Lloyd Dock ANS: 1 Page: 27 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is correct. Florence Nightingale was recognized by the Queen of England with an Order of Merit, the highest award given to English civilians.Page 12 of 19 TB 2. This is incorrect. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb was not recognized by the Queen of England with an Order of Merit, the highest award given to English civilians. 3. This is incorrect. Lillian Wald was not recognized by the Queen of England with an Order of Merit, the highest award given to English civilians. 4. This is incorrect. Lavinia Lloyd Dock was not recognized by the Queen of England with an Order of Merit, the highest award given to English civilians. 8. Which nursing leader helped develop the American Journal of Nursing, the first professional journal dedicated to the improvement of nursing, which is still the official journal of the American Nurses Association? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb 3. Lillian Wald 4. Lavinia Lloyd Dock ANS: 2 Page: 26 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Florence Nightingale did not help develop the American Journal of Nursing. 2. This is correct. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb helped develop the American Journal of Nursing, the first professional journal dedicated to the improvement of nursing, which is still the official journal of the American Nurses Association.Page 13 of 19 TB 3. This is incorrect. Lillian Wald did not help develop the American Journal of Nursing. 4. This is incorrect. Lavinia Lloyd Dock did not help develop the American Journal of Nursing. 9. Many child health and wellness programs in use today are based on the efforts of which nursing leader? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb 3. Lillian Wald 4. Lavinia Lloyd Dock ANS: 3 Page: 27 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Many of the child health and wellness programs in use today are based on the efforts of a different nursing leader, not Florence Nightingale 2. This is incorrect. Many of the child health and wellness programs in use today are based on the efforts of a different nursing leader, not Isabel Adams Hampton Robb. 3. This is correct. Many child health and wellness programs in use today are based on the efforts of Lillian Wald.Page 14 of 19 TB 4. This is incorrect. Many of the child health and wellness programs in use today are based on the efforts of a different nursing leader, not Lavinia Lloyd Dock. 10. When World War I was over, which nursing leader became a nursing educator, eventually serving as dean at the Yale School of Nursing? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb 3. Lavinia Lloyd Dock 4. Annie Goodrich ANS: 4 Page: 28 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Florence Nightingale never served as dean at the Yale School of Nursing. 2. This is incorrect. Isabel Adams Hampton Robb never served as dean at the Yale School of Nursing. 3. This is incorrect. Lavinia Lloyd Dock never served as dean at the Yale School of Nursing. 4. This is correct. When World War I was over, Annie Goodrich became a nursing educator, eventually serving as dean at the Yale School of Nursing.Page 15 of 19 TB 11. Which nursing leader was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2011 for being recognized as an internationally renowned nursing leader who transformed the profession of nursing and made health care more accessible to the general public? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Loretta C. Ford 3. Lavinia Lloyd Dock 4. Annie Goodrich ANS: 2 Page: 29 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Florence Nightingale was not inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2011 for being recognized as an internationally renowned nursing leader who transformed the profession of nursing and made health care more accessible to the general public. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is correct. Loretta C. Ford was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2011 for being recognized as an internationally renowned nursing leader who transformed the profession of nursing and made health care more accessible to the general public. 3. This is incorrect. Lavinia Lloyd Dock was not inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2011 for being recognized as an internationally renowned nursing leader who transformed the profession of nursing and made health care more accessible to the general public.Page 16 of 19 TB 4. This is incorrect. Annie Goodrich was not inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2011 for being recognized as an internationally renowned nursing leader who transformed the profession of nursing and made health care more accessible to the general public. 12. In general, travel nurse staffing companies require which standard that allows the nurses to meet any staffing requirements of individual facilities? 1. LVN 2. LPN 3. ADN 4. BSN ANS: 4 Page: 31 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Travel nurse staffing companies generally require training beyond that of an LVN. 2. This is incorrect. Travel nurse staffing companies generally require training beyond that of an LPN. 3. This is incorrect. Travel nurse staffing companies generally require training beyond that of an ADN.Page 17 of 19 TB 4. This is correct. In general, travel nurse staffing companies require a BSN or higher degree, which allows the nurses to meet any staffing requirements of individual facilities. 13. Which nursing leader noticed that many of her fellow students struggled to learn about all the medications that were becoming available and later wrote the first medication textbook for nurses? 1. Florence Nightingale 2. Loretta C. Ford 3. Lavinia Lloyd Dock 4. Annie Goodrich ANS: 3 Page: 28 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Florence Nightingale did not write the first medication textbook for nurses. 2. This is incorrect. Loretta C. Ford did not write the first medication textbook for nurses. 3. This is correct. Lavinia Lloyd Dock noticed that many of her fellow students struggled to learn about all the medications that were becoming available, and she later wrote the first medication textbook for nurses.Page 18 of 19 TB 4. This is incorrect. Annie Goodrich did not write the first medication textbook for nurses. 14. Which of the following focused on what we now call holistic-health practices, which included special diets, massage therapy, and rest to drive evil spirits from a body? 1. Hebrews 2. Buddhism 3. Roman Empire 4. Babylonian Empire ANS: 4 Page: 3 NURSINGTB.COM Feedback 1. This is incorrect. The Hebrews did not focus on what we now call holistic-health practices. 2. This is incorrect. Buddhism did not focus on what we now call holistic-health practices. 3. This is incorrect. The Roman Empire did not focus on what we now call holistic- health practices. 4. This is correct. The Babylonian Empire focused on what we now call holistic-health practices, which included special diets, massage therapy, and rest to drive evil spirits from a body.Page 19 of 19 TB 15. Which of the following developed quite an advanced system of medicine and a pharmacology that included more than 600 medications derived from herbs and plants? 1. Hebrews 2. Buddhism 3. Roman Empire 4. Babylonian Empire ANS: 3 Page: 5 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. The Hebrews did not develop an advanced system of medicine and a pharmacology that included more than 600 medications derived from herbs and plants. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is incorrect. The Buddhists did not develop an advanced system of medicine and a pharmacology that included more than 600 medications derived from herbs and plants. 3. This is correct. The Roman Empire developed quite an advanced system of medicine and a pharmacology that included more than 600 medications derived from herbs and plants. 4. This is incorrect. The Babylonian Empire did not develop an advanced system of medicine and a pharmacology that included more than 600 medications derived from herbs and plants.Page 1 of 22 TB Chapter 3: Theories and Models of Nursing Questions 1. The nursing profession tends to use which term when attempting to explain apparent relationships between observed behaviors and their effects on a client’s health? 1. Model 2. Theory 3. Hypothesis 4. Evidence Answer: 2. Which of the following is a very important element in the Roy adaptation model because it provides baseline data about the client that the nurse obtains through assessment techniques? 1. Input 2. Output 3. Feedback 4. Throughput Answer: 3. Factors in the client’s past, such as personality characteristics, past experiences, religious beliefs, and social norms, that have an indirect effect on the client’s health status are referred to as which type of stimuli? 1. Focal stimuli 2. Contextual stimuli 3. Residual stimuli NURSINGTB.COMPage 2 of 22 TB 4. Factual stimuli Answer: 4. The current widely accepted practice of establishing health-care goals for clients and directing client care to meet these goals has its origins in which model? 1. Roy adaptation model 2. Orem self-care model 3. King model of goal attainment 4. Watson model of human caring Answer: 5. Which element of the King model of goal attainment refers to a life situation in which perceivers and things perceived are encountered and entered into as active participants? 1. Action 2. Reaction 3. Interaction 4. Transaction Answer: 6. According to which model, illness is the client’s inability to integrate life experiences and the failure to achieve full potential or inner harmony? 1. Roy adaptation model 2. Orem self-care model 3. King model of goal attainment 4. Watson model of human caringPage 3 of 22 TB 7. According to the Johnson behavioral system model, nurturing and promoting self-image is the primary type of activity of which behavioral subsystem? 1. Security 2. Dependency 3. Taking in 4. Eliminative behavior Answer: 8. Select from the following the model in which the client-system’s boundaries are called lines of defense and resistance and may be represented graphically as a series of concentric circles that surround the basic core of the individual. 1. Orem self-care model 2. Neuman health-care systems model 3. King model of goal attainment 4. Watson model of human caring Answer: 9. According to the Neuman health-care systems model, which type of stressors occur within the client and include physiological responses, psychological reactions, and internal thought processes? 1. Extrapersonal stressors 2. Interpersonal stressors 3. Intrapersonal stressors 4. Transpersonal stressorsPage 4 of 22 TB 10. According to the Neuman health-care system model, teaching clients about stress management, giving immunizations, and encouraging aerobic exercise to prevent heart disease are examples of which type of intervention? 1. Primary intervention 2. Secondary intervention 3. Tertiary intervention 4. Quaternary intervention Answer: 11. Teaching a client how to care for a colostomy bag at home after discharge from the hospital is an example of a nursing activity at which level? 1. Primary level 2. Secondary level 3. Tertiary level 4. Quaternary level Answer: 12. Formulated in 1987, which model is widely used as the theoretical framework for research on prenatal care and pregnancy? 1. Parse model 2. Pender’s health promotion model 3. Swanson’s theory of caring 4. Orem self-care model Answer:Page 5 of 22 TB 13. Although originally studied in the perinatal setting, which of the following has been adopted into many other health-care settings, including critical care, mental health, public health, hospice, gerontology, and oncology? 1. Parse model 2. Pender’s health promotion model 3. Swanson’s theory of caring 4. Orem self-care model Answer: 14. In which model is nursing an activity that helps the individual achieve and maintain an optimal level of behavior through the manipulation and regulation of the environment? 1. Parse model 2. Johnson behavioral system model 3. Swanson’s theory of caring 4. Orem self-care model Answer: 15. The main concern in the development of which model was to balance the impersonal aspects of nursing care that are found in the technological and scientific aspects of practice with the personal and interpersonal elements that grow from a humanistic belief in life? 1. Watson model of human caring 2. Johnson behavioral system model 3. Swanson’s theory of caring 4. Orem self-care model Answer:Page 6 of 22 TBPage 7 of 22 TB Questions, Answers, and Rationales 1. The nursing profession tends to use which term when attempting to explain apparent relationships between observed behaviors and their effects on a client’s health? 1. Model 2. Theory 3. Hypothesis 4. Evidence ANS: 2 Page: 2 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. The nursing profession does not use the term model when attempting to explain apparent relationships between observed behaviors and their effects on a client’s health. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is correct. The nursing profession tends to use the term theory when attempting to explain apparent relationships between observed behaviors and their effects on a client’s health. 3. This is incorrect. The nursing profession does not use the term hypothesis when attempting to explain apparent relationships between observed behaviors and their effects on a client’s health. 4. This is incorrect. The nursing profession does not use the term evidence when attempting to explain apparent relationships between observed behaviors and their effects on a client’s health.Page 8 of 22 TB 2. Which of the following is a very important element in the Roy adaptation model because it provides baseline data about the client that the nurse obtains through assessment techniques? 1. Input 2. Output 3. Feedback 4. Throughpu t ANS: 2 Page: 20 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Input does not provide baseline data about the client that the nurse obtains through assessment techniques. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is correct. Output is a very important element in the Roy adaptation model because it provides baseline data about the client that the nurse obtains through assessment techniques. 3. This is incorrect. Feedback does not provide baseline data about the client that the nurse obtains through assessment techniques. 4. This is incorrect. Throughput does not provide baseline data about the client that the nurse obtains through assessment techniques.Page 9 of 22 TB 3. Factors in the client’s past, such as personality characteristics, past experiences, religious beliefs, and social norms, that have an indirect effect on the client’s health status are referred to as which type of stimuli? 1. Focal stimuli 2. Contextual stimuli 3. Residual stimuli 4. Factual stimuli ANS: 3 Page: 22 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Focal stimuli are not personality characteristics, past experiences, religious beliefs, and social norms that have an indirect effect on the client’s health status. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is incorrect. Contextual stimuli are not personality characteristics, past experiences, religious beliefs, and social norms that have an indirect effect on the client’s health status. 3. This is correct. Factors in the client’s past, such as personality characteristics, past experiences, religious beliefs, and social norms, that have an indirect effect on the client’s health status are referred to as residual stimuli. 4. This is incorrect. Factual stimuli are not personality characteristics, past experiences, religious beliefs, and social norms that have an indirect effect on the client’s health status.Page 10 of 22 TB 4. The current widely accepted practice of establishing health-care goals for clients and directing client care to meet these goals has its origins in which model? 1. Roy adaptation model 2. Orem self-care model 3. King model of goal attainment 4. Watson model of human caring ANS: 3 Page: 28 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. The current widely accepted practice of establishing health- care goals for clients and directing client care to meet these goals is not originated in the Roy adaptation model. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is incorrect. The current widely accepted practice of establishing health- care goals for clients and directing client care to meet these goals is not originated in the Orem self-care model. 3. This is correct. The current widely accepted practice of establishing health-care goals for clients and directing client care to meet these goals has its origins in the King model of goal attainment. 4. This is incorrect. The current widely accepted practice of establishing health- care goals for clients and directing client care to meet these goals is not originated in the Watson model of human caring.Page 11 of 22 TB 5. Which element of the King model of goal attainment refers to a life situation in which perceivers and things perceived are encountered and entered into as active participants? 1. Action 2. Reaction 3. Interaction 4. Transactio n ANS: 4 Page: 31 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. According to the King model of goal attainment, action does not refer to a life situation in which perceivers and things perceived are encountered and entered into as active participants. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is incorrect. According to the King model of goal attainment, reaction does not refer to a life situation in which perceivers and things perceived are encountered and entered into as active participants. 3. This is incorrect. According to the King model of goal attainment, interaction does not refer to a life situation in which perceivers and things perceived are encountered and entered into as active participants. 4. This is correct. According to the King model of goal attainment, transaction refers to a life situation in which perceivers and things perceived are encountered and entered into as active participants.Page 12 of 22 TB 6. According to which model, illness is the client’s inability to integrate life experiences and the failure to achieve full potential or inner harmony? 1. Roy adaptation model 2. Orem self-care model 3. King model of goal attainment 4. Watson model of human caring ANS: 4 Page: 33 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. The Roy adaptation model does not define illness as the client’s inability to integrate life experiences and the failure to achieve full potential or inner harmony. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is incorrect. The Orem self-care model does not define illness as the client’s inability to integrate life experiences and the failure to achieve full potential or inner harmony. 3. This is incorrect. The King model of goal attainment does not define illness as the client’s inability to integrate life experiences and the failure to achieve full potential or inner harmony. 4. This is correct. According to the Watson model of human caring, illness is the client’s inability to integrate life experiences and the failure to achieve full potential or inner harmony.Page 13 of 22 TB 7. According to the Johnson behavioral system model, nurturing and promoting self-image is the primary type of activity of which behavioral subsystem? 1. Security 2. Dependency 3. Taking in 4. Eliminative behavior ANS: 2 Page: 37 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. According to the Johnson behavioral system model, nurturing and promoting self-image is not the primary type of activity of the security subsystem. NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is correct. According to the Johnson behavioral system model, nurturing and promoting self-image is the primary type of activity of the dependency subsystem. 3. This is incorrect. According to the Johnson behavioral system model, nurturing and promoting self-image is not the primary type of activity of the taking- in subsystem. 4. This is incorrect. According to the Johnson behavioral system model, nurturing and promoting self-image is not the primary type of activity of the eliminative behavior subsystem.Page 14 of 22 TB 8. Select from the following the model in which the client-system’s boundaries are called lines of defense and resistance and may be represented graphically as a series of concentric circles that surround the basic core of the individual. 1. Orem self-care model 2. Neuman health-care systems model 3. King model of goal attainment 4. Watson model of human caring ANS: 2 Page: 41 Feedback NURSINGTB.COM 1. This is incorrect. In the Orem self-care model, the client-system’s boundaries are not referred to as lines of defense and resistance. 2. This is correct. In the Neuman health-care systems model, the client- system’s boundaries are called lines of defense and resistance and may be represented graphically as a series of concentric circles that surround the basic core of the individual. 3. This is incorrect. In the King model of goal attainment, the client-system’s boundaries are not referred to as lines of defense and resistance. 4. This is incorrect. In the Watson model of human caring, the client-system’s boundaries are not referred to as lines of defense and resistance.Page 15 of 22 TB 9. According to the Neuman health-care systems model, which type of stressors occur within the client and include physiological responses, psychological reactions, and internal thought processes? 1. Extrapersonal stressors 2. Interpersonal stressors 3. Intrapersonal stressors 4. Transpersonal stressors ANS: 3 Page: 42 Feedback 1. This is incorrect. According to the Neuman health-care systems model, extrapersonal stressors do not occur within the client and do not include physiological responses, psychological reactions, and internal thought processes NURSINGTB.COM 2. This is incorrect. According to the Neuman health-care systems model, interpersonal stressors do not occur within the client and do not include physiological responses, psychological reactions, and internal thought processes 3. This is correct. According to the Neuman health-care systems model, intrapersonal stressors occur within the client and include physiological responses, psychological reactions, and internal thought processes 4. This is incorrect. According to the Neuman health-care systems model, transpersonal stressors do not occur within the client and do not include physiological responses, psychological reactions, and internal thought processesPage 16 of 22 TB 10. According to the Neuman health-care system model, teaching clients about stress management, giving immunizations, and encouraging aerobic exercise to prevent heart disease are examples of which type of intervention? 1. Primary intervention 2. Secondary intervention 3. Tertiary intervention 4. Quaternary intervention ANS: 1 Page: 43 Feedback NURSINGTB.COM 1. This is correct. According to the Neuman health-care system model, teaching clients about stress management, giving immunizations, and encouraging aerobic exercise to prevent heart disease are examples of primary intervention. 2. This is incorrect. According to the Neuman health-care system model, teaching clients about stress management, giving immunizations, and encouraging aerobic exercise to prevent heart disease are not examples of secondary intervention. 3. This is incorrect. According to the Neuman health-care system model, teaching clients about stress management, giving immunizations, and encouraging aerobic exercise to prevent heart disease are not examples of tertiary intervention.Page 17 of 22 TB 4. This is incorrect. According to the Neuman health-care system model, teaching clients about stress management, giving immunizations, and encouraging aerobic exercise to prevent heart disease are not examples of quaternary intervention. 11. Teaching a client how to care for a colostomy bag at home after discharge from the hospital is an example of a nursing activity at which level?