Dialysis Technician Exam Study Guide With Complete Solution

What foods are high in phosphorus - Answer Dairy, Meats, Nuts, Peanuts, Dried Beans & Peas, Whole Grains, Chocolate, Colas What foods are high in potassium - Answer Avocados, Mangos, Bananas, Orange Juice, Dried Fruit, Cantaloupe, Dried Peas, Beans, Tomato Sauce, & Potatoes What are the two hemodialysis delivery systems? - Answer Extracorpeal (blood) & Dialysate During dialysis, ultrfiltration occurs when: - Answer Water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient across a membrane What are the hemodialysis treatment options? - Answer In-Center, Nocturnal, Short Daily What development in dialysis came first? - Answer Dr. Kolff's rotating drum What is the definition for dry-weight? - Answer Post-dialysis weight at which all or most excess fluid has been removed How are clinics paid by Medicare for dialysis? - Answer Composite Rate The primary cause of the anemia of ESRD is: - Answer Erythropoietin Deficiency What isn't a component of the Extracorpeal Circuit? - Answer Blood Leak Detector What waste product of muscle metabolism is removed by healthy kidneys? - Answer Creatinine What line is a negative pressure? - Answer Arterial What is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease for adults in the U.S.? - Answer Diabetes What are the symptoms of puritis? - Answer Itching Why must water used for dialysate be treated? - Answer Dialysis patients are exposed to large volumes of water during dialysis What is the U.V. light and what does it do? - Answer Invisible radiation that destroys microorganisms Which patients may benefit from an increased bicarbonate concentration? - Answer Poorly compliant with regards to fluid intake If an air embolism occurs, how should a patient be placed? - Answer Trendelenberg on the left side What symptom is "cherry pop" colored blood? - Answer Hemolysis When does first-use syndrome usually appear? - Answer 15-30 minutes of starting treatment What are the two main types of dialysis? - Answer Hemodialysis & Peritoneal Dialysis What is the functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work? - Answer Nephron Severe chest pain and dyspnea are symptoms of what? - Answer Air Embolism What are the symptoms of first use syndrome? - Answer Back pain 15 minutes into treatment What are symptoms of anemia? - Answer Weak, Syanotic, Dizzy What are three signs or symptoms of an access infection? - Answer Drainage, Fever, Swelling What is the pressure across the dialyzer membrane? - Answer TMP -Transmembrane Pressure What are the symptoms of an air embolism? - Answer Shortness of breath, Coughing, Confusion What is a long-term complications of a fistulae? - Answer Thrombosis What are the symptoms of a pyrogen reaction? - Answer Fever, Chills What are the symptoms of disequilibrium syndrome? - Answer Headache What would a rapid pulse of 104 beats per minute indicate? - Answer Tachycardia What does infiltration mean? - Answer A needle tip that punctures a vessel and goes out the other side, so blood escapes into the tissues According to AAMI standards, when should bacteriologic testing for water and dialysate take place? - Answer Monthly What is the first step in the port/catheter pre-dialysis assessment? - Answer Assessing the ease of heparin removal and saline flushing before connecting bloodlines What would be a cause of hypotension during and after dialysis? - Answer Removing too much fluid How frequently should the carbon tanks be checked for chlorine and chloramines? - Answer Each shift What complication can happen to grafts if the needle sites are not rotated? - Answer Pseudoaneurysm What can cause a dialyzer membrane leak? - Answer Any damage to the dialyzer What is included in the dialysate delivery system monitors? - Answer Conductivity, pH, Flow Rate What is the measurement of ions or particles that carry an electrical charge known as? - Answer Conductivity Who must check the dialyzer to verify quality control information? - Answer Two people, one of whom should be the charge nurse What symptom occurs due to dialysate that is too hot? - Answer Hemolysis What activity does the water softener perform? - Answer Removes calcium and magnesium from water What is a way to prevent infection in catheters? - Answer Wash hands and change gloves prior to touching the catheter Which organization sets the standards and recommendations for dialyzer reprocessing? - Answer AAMI What substance may be added to municipal drinking water supplied to make the water cleaner? - Answer Bleach What is dialysate a mixture of? - Answer Acid, Bicarbonate, Water Why should you rotate needle sites on a fistula? - Answer To prevent aneurysms What is the most likely source of staphylococcus aureus? - Answer Nasal drainage or Discharge What could large amounts of aluminum in water used for dialysate cause? - Answer Bone Disease What are sign and symptoms of Steal Syndrome? - Answer Pale, Bluish nail beds of the access hand. Cold feeling in access limb. Pain in access limb (hand or fingers) What are symptoms of hemolysis? - Answer Bright red colored blood What are some complications of "flipping" the needle in AVF cannulation? - Answer Infiltration, Stretching the needle hole, Tearing the lining of the vessel What is the condition that can develop from using the subclavian vein for catheter placement? - Answer Central Venous Stenosis