NR 565 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM
250+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2023/2024
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF
NURSING LATEST GUIDE.
,1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with
potential long term consequences?: 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and
older), prescriber ultimately decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450): liver enzyme system where medica- tions are
metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers: Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, ri- fampin, alcohol,
phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look
GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug names: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amio- darone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?: increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg
excretion
increase hepatic metabolism decrease tone and
motility of bowel increase drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic: Antiepileptic drugs, an- timicrobials such as
tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal
medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?: -
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?: de- layed gastric
emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?: glu- cocorticoids,
,discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin
(antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
15. what should be included in medication administration patient education?-
: dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration duration
of treatment
, drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses nature and
time course of adverse responses finish taking antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions?:
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily) greater severity
of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased individual
variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term
therapy
poor patient adherence
17. How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an
adverse drug reaction?: obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age monitoring the
patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness periodically
reviewing the need for continued drug therapy encouraging the patient to
dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
18. How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?: simpli- fying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions using an
appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers developing daily
reminders
monitoring frequently
PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM
250+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2023/2024
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF
NURSING LATEST GUIDE.
,1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with
potential long term consequences?: 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and
older), prescriber ultimately decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450): liver enzyme system where medica- tions are
metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers: Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, ri- fampin, alcohol,
phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look
GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug names: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amio- darone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?: increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg
excretion
increase hepatic metabolism decrease tone and
motility of bowel increase drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic: Antiepileptic drugs, an- timicrobials such as
tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal
medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?: -
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?: de- layed gastric
emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?: glu- cocorticoids,
,discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin
(antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
15. what should be included in medication administration patient education?-
: dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration duration
of treatment
, drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses nature and
time course of adverse responses finish taking antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions?:
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily) greater severity
of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased individual
variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term
therapy
poor patient adherence
17. How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an
adverse drug reaction?: obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age monitoring the
patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness periodically
reviewing the need for continued drug therapy encouraging the patient to
dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
18. How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?: simpli- fying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions using an
appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers developing daily
reminders
monitoring frequently
