NAS2 Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers

NAS2 Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers Name the building blocks of proteins - Answer-Amino Acids = 21 used to build protein for living organisms. Describe Aa's chemical structure (i.e. groups) - Answer-1. A central carbon 2. An amino group (- NH2) 3. A carboxylic acid group (-COOH) 4. A hydrogen atom (H) 5. An 'R' group Proteins have a role in every _____________ ________ across all domains of life. - Answer-physiological function Enzymatic Proteins: - Answer-Lower the activation energy required for initiating chemical reactions and speed up the rate of chemical reactions. Structural Proteins: - Answer-Make up cell membranes, bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, hair, nails & skin Transport Proteins: - Answer-Carry oxygen in red blood cells (RBC); pump nutrients and ions across membranes Hormonal Proteins: - Answer-Regulate physiological process such as insulin regulates blood sugar levels Defensive Proteins: - Answer-Antibodies (Immunity) Contractile Proteins: - Answer-Movement Storage Proteins: - Answer-Amino acids can be used as a C & N source. (ex. Ovalbumin, casein) Receptor Proteins: - Answer-Membrane bound & receive chemical signals Name the elements found in proteins. - Answer-All contain C, H, O, N, (and some have S) State the difference between a nonessential amino acid and an essential amino acid. - Answer-Non-essential: Some can be made within the body. Essential: Have to be acquired through diet.