NCE/ LPC Exam Prep Miscellaneous Correct Questions & Answers

In attempting to understand the life perspectives and characteristics of their clients, some counselors use Kohlberg's theory of moral development as a theoretical framework. These counselors know that Kohlberg's theory includes three progressive levels culminating in: - ANSWER Principled thought, where in the individual adopts a self-accepted set of standards of behavior. A professional counselor determines fees for monthly consultation services on a job-by-job basis. This is an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules? - ANSWER Variable ratio Research on the development of a person in a so-called "humanistic life outlook" has shown that it is facilitated by what? - ANSWER Diverse interpersonal interactions When persons who are characteristically shy and withdrawn participate in "assertiveness training" initially they experience uncertainty and self-doubt. Counselors refer to this social psychological concept as: - ANSWER Cognitive dissonance "Men [used here to mean all people] are disturbed by not things, but by the view which they take of them." This quote, attributable to Epictetus, most closely describes the counseling theory developed by: - ANSWER Ellis The counseling technique in which the counselor intensifies the client's emotional state in order to help the client understand the irrationality of the emotional reaction is known as: - ANSWER Paradoxical intention Counselors know that groups are formed for different purposes. For example, in some groups the primary goal is to yield some specified outcome, or "product," while in others primary goal is to focus on the "process" of interaction within the group. Which of the following types of groups is more product-than-process