HESI Fundamentals Exam Questions & Answ ers Which role does a nurse play when helping clients to identify and clarify health problems and to choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems? (Ans- Counselor As a counselor, the nurse helps clients identify and clarify health problems and choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems. As an educator, the nurse teaches clients and their families to assume responsibility for their own health care. A nurse acts as a change agent within a family system or as a mediator for problems within a client's community; this involves identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems. As a case manager, the nurse establishes an appropria te plan of care on the basis of assessment findings and coordinates needed resources and services for the client's well -being along a continuum of care. The nurse is caring for a client who is in pain following surgery. The nurse informs the primary health care provider about the client's request for pain medication. What is the role of the nurse in this situation? (Ans- Advocate The nurse acts as a client advocate by speaking to the primary health care provider on behalf of the client. The nurse acts as an educator while teaching the client facts about health and the need for routine care activities. The nurse manager uses appropr iate leadership styles to create a nursing environment for client -centered care. The nurse administrator manages client care and delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency. Which definition is involved in the caring process called knowing according to Swanson's theory of caring? (Ans- Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other In Swanson's theory of caring process, knowing involves striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of another. The definition of being emotionally present for the other is related to the caring process called being with. The definition o f sustaining faith in the other's capacity to get through an event or transition is related to the caring process called maintaining belief. The definition of facilitating the other's passage through life transitions and unfamiliar events is related to the caring process called enabling. A nursing student is examining the health services pyramid. Keeping in mind that care services begin at the bottom of this pyramid, in which order should care services be arranged? (Ans- 1. Population based services 2.Clinical preventative services 3.Primary health care 4.Secondary health care 5.Tertiary health care According to the health services pyramid, population -based health care services come first. Clinical preventive services form the next level of the pyramid. A nurse should then address the primary health care needs of clients; these needs include prenatal and baby care and nutrition counseling. The next level of health care is secondary health care services, which include emergency care and acute medical -surgical care. Tertiary health care forms the highest level of health care; these needs include intensiv e care and subacute care. A nurse speaking in support of the best interest of a vulnerable client reflects which nursing duty? (Ans- Advocacy The nurse has a professional duty to advocate for a client by promoting what is best for the client. This is accomplished by ensuring that the client's needs are met and by protecting the client's rights. Caring is a behavioral characteristic of the nurse. Veracity relates to the habitual observance of truth, fact, and accuracy. Confidentiality is an ethical principle and legal right that the nurse will hold secret all information relating to the client unless the client gives consent to permit disclosure. A nurse is assessing a client's nails and finds a slight convex curve at the angle from the skin to nail base of about 160 degrees. Which condition does the nurse suspect? (Ans- Normal Finding The client's nail, which has a slight convex curve at the angle from the skin to nail base of about 160 degrees, is normal. In clubbing, there is a change in the angle between the nail and the nail base that is larger than 180 degrees. Paronychia is the in flammation of the skin at the base of nail. Koilonychia is the concave curves on the nail. When assessing a client's fluid and electrolyte status, the nurse recalls that the regulator of extracellular osmolarity is what? (Ans- Sodium Sodium is the most abundant extracellular fluid cation and regulates serum (extracellular) osmolarity, as well as nerve impulse transmission and acid -
base balance. Potassium is the major intracellular osmolarity regulator, and it also regulates metabolic a ctivities, transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, cardiac conduction, and smooth and skeletal muscle contraction. Chloride is a major extracellular fluid anion and follows sodium. Calcium is an extracellular cation necessary for bone and teeth form ation, blood clotting, hormone secretion, cardiac conduction, transmission of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction. Which intervention reflects the nurse's approach of "family as a context"? (Ans- Trying to meet the client's comfort In the "family as context" approach, the focus is on the client. The nursing care aims at meeting the client's comfort, hygiene, and nutritional needs. The "family as a client" approach focuses on the family's needs as a whole to determine their coping ski lls. This approach also includes assessment of the family's energy level to determine if the family would be able to meet the client's needs. In addition, the approach "family as a client" involves assessment of the family's nutritional needs. A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about the process of resolving an ethical dilemma. What information should the nurse provide regarding negotiation of outcomes? (Ans- "A nurse should provide a personal point of view." During the process of negotiating outcomes, the nurse is required to provide a personal point of view. Negotiations may take place informally at the client's bedside or in a formal setting. After gathering relevant information regarding an ethical dilemma, the nurse is required to examine his or her own values and formulate an opinion regarding the matter. When verbalizing the problem, the group agrees to a statement of the problem to begin discussions. This step is performed before negotiating outcomes. Negotiations take place after determining all possible courses of action. Which statement regarding Roy's theory of nursing needs correction? (Ans- All individuals must adapt to the following demands: meeting basic physiological needs, developing a positive self -concept, performing social roles, and achieving a balance between dependence and independence.
base balance. Potassium is the major intracellular osmolarity regulator, and it also regulates metabolic a ctivities, transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, cardiac conduction, and smooth and skeletal muscle contraction. Chloride is a major extracellular fluid anion and follows sodium. Calcium is an extracellular cation necessary for bone and teeth form ation, blood clotting, hormone secretion, cardiac conduction, transmission of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction. Which intervention reflects the nurse's approach of "family as a context"? (Ans- Trying to meet the client's comfort In the "family as context" approach, the focus is on the client. The nursing care aims at meeting the client's comfort, hygiene, and nutritional needs. The "family as a client" approach focuses on the family's needs as a whole to determine their coping ski lls. This approach also includes assessment of the family's energy level to determine if the family would be able to meet the client's needs. In addition, the approach "family as a client" involves assessment of the family's nutritional needs. A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about the process of resolving an ethical dilemma. What information should the nurse provide regarding negotiation of outcomes? (Ans- "A nurse should provide a personal point of view." During the process of negotiating outcomes, the nurse is required to provide a personal point of view. Negotiations may take place informally at the client's bedside or in a formal setting. After gathering relevant information regarding an ethical dilemma, the nurse is required to examine his or her own values and formulate an opinion regarding the matter. When verbalizing the problem, the group agrees to a statement of the problem to begin discussions. This step is performed before negotiating outcomes. Negotiations take place after determining all possible courses of action. Which statement regarding Roy's theory of nursing needs correction? (Ans- All individuals must adapt to the following demands: meeting basic physiological needs, developing a positive self -concept, performing social roles, and achieving a balance between dependence and independence.
