PHIL 335 – Final (solved!)

U2 - Do you think consequences, motivations, both, or neither should determine the morality of an action? Give an example to illustrate your answer. (MILLS) correct answers MILLS UTILITARIANISM (What ought I do?) CONSEQUENCE BASED - Protecting and promoting human happiness and wellbeing - The right action is that which facilitates the greatest possible degree of good for all those affected by the action. - ACT Util = defines actions as right or wrong in terms of its "utility" (of value) or "disutility" (intrinsically bad). - RULE UTIL = Not just based on consequences of the single action, but based on EVERYONE adopting a general rule. If everyone could do it and maintain maximum utility, only then is it ok. U2 - Do you think consequences, motivations, both, or neither should determine the morality of an action? Give an example to illustrate your answer. (KANT) correct answers KANTS KANTIAN (Deontological) MOTIVATIONS BASED - Theory that the morality of the action is not determined by the consequences of an action but by the MAXIM (general principle to which an action conforms - Must fall under the categorical imperatives: 1) Logical consistency (universal law) 2) Don't use people 3) Autonomous agents U3 - With respect to the micro-allocation of organ transplants, would you consider yourself a utilitarian, a bare Kantian, a fair Kantian, or something else? UTILITARIAN correct answers - concerned w/ maximizing utility - Worry about comparative criteria: basis of life-expectancy, prospects for recovery, family role (etc) - committee selection approach (ANNAS) (bad b/c committee could be they set up a set of guidelines = redundant committee; they are could create a criteria that is dishonest or unfair Choosing a male over a female etc.) - OBJECT. = undermines a respect for the equal value of every human life U3 - With respect to the micro-allocation of organ transplants, would you consider yourself a utilitarian, a bare Kantian, a fair Kantian, or something else?