Bipolar Disorder Test1

BIPOLAR DISORDER TEST1 Signs of lithium overdose: - CORRECT ANSWERSNausea, gastrointestinal distress, muscle weakness. Lithium intake must be carefully monitored. Blood-lithium level must not exceed 1.4 millequivalents per litre. Proper diet and salt intake are stressed in patients. DSM IV criteria for bipolar disorder: - CORRECT ANSWERS1. Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week. 2. During the period of mood disturbance, three or more of the following: (i) Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity (ii) Decreased need for sleep (iii) More talkative than usual (iv) Flight of ideas or subjective expreience that thoughts are racing (v) Distractability (vi) increase in goal-directed activity (vii) excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have high potential for painful consequences 3. Sufficiently severe to cause impairment in occupational functioning or social functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm Key difference between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: - CORRECT ANSWERSSchizophrenics show progressive deterioration without periods of recovery. Manic-depressives might have repeated episodes of psychotic behaviour, but their adjustment between episodes is relatively unimpaired. Bipolar II - CORRECT ANSWERSPerson has experienced at least one major depressive episode, at least one hypomanic episode and no full blown manic episodes. Hypomanic episodes - CORRECT ANSWERSEpisodes of not sufficiently sever to be considered manic. Minimum duration is four days as opposed to one week for manic episode. Mood change must be noticeable, but not impair social or occupational functioning. Cyclothymia - CORRECT ANSWERSSeveral hypomanic episodes and periods of minor depression during a period of two years. Chronic, but less severe form of bipolar disorder. Biological factors of bipolar disorder: - CORRECT ANSWERSGenetics may play a role. Studies show that biological relatives of patients with mood disorder are more likely to develop mood disorders. (eg. George's uncle was also diagnosed with bipolar disorder). Diathesis stress model of bipolar disorder: - CORRECT ANSWERSBipolar patients inherit some unidentified form of predisposition to the disorder. Stressful life events play an important role in the course of the disorder, especially in relapse. Diathesis stress model as it pertains to George: - CORRECT ANSWERSGeorge's highly competitive job and the emotional atmosphere within his family may have set off his behaviour. Treatment of choice for bipolar patients: - CORRECT ANSWERSLithium is beneficial in both the manic and depressive phase