ATLS study cards With Complete Solution 2023/2024

ATLS study cards With Complete Solution 2023/2024 Glasgow Coma ScaleAnswer - Chance fracture Answer - Transverse fracture through vertebra. In children usually associated with enterc disruption. Seen in motor vehicle accidents involving only lap belt. May be associated with retroperitoneal and Abdominal visceral injuries. Anterior hip dislocation Answer - Flexed, abducted, externally rotated. Burst fracture Answer - Associated with vertebral-axial compression injuries Posterior hip dislocation Answer - Flexed, aDDucted, internally rotated Anterior shoulder dislocation Answer - Squared off appearance Posterior shoulder dislocation Answer - Lock in internal rotation. Ankle dislocation Answer - Most are Externally rotated, with a prominent medial malleolus. FULL thickness (3rd degree) burn Answer - Dark or white and leathery. Translucent white as well. Painless and generally "dry" Does not blanch with pressure. Very little swelling of burned tissue. Principle Life saving measures for patients with burn injuries include Answer - -Establishing airway control -Stopping the burning. process -Intravenous access Factors that increase the risk for upper AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION in burns include: Answer - -Burns to the head and face -Burn size and depth-Burns inside the mouth Partial thickness burn Answer - Red remodeled appearance with associated swelling and blister formation. May have weeping or wet appearance and is painfully hypersensitive even to air current. Signs and symptoms and history that suggest INHALATION INJURY include: Answer - These patients should be intubated. Inhalation injury is an indication for transfer to a burn center. Rule of nines – adult Answer - The palm represents 1% of the body total surface area. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning and respective levels Answer - PaO2 does not reliably predict carbon monoxide poisoning because a CO partial pressure of only 1 mmm Hg results in a hemoglobin CO level of 40% or greater. Carbon monoxide has how many times greater affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen Answer - 240 times. It displaces the oxyhemoglobin desaturated curve to the LEFT. Two criteria required for the diagnosis of smoke inhalation injury Answer - -Exposure to a combustible agent -Signs of exposure to smoke in the lower airway, below the vocal cords, by bronchoscopy. Performing this action will help reduce neck and chest wall edema in patients with burn and inhalation injury. Answer - Elevation of the head and chest by 30 degrees. IV fluid administration formula for burn victims Answer - Indicated in burns involving over 20% of the body surface area. *(2-4 mL/kg of LR/NS) (weight in kg) (% area of burn); give 1/2 of this volume in first 8 hours. Remainder in over 16 hours. Large caliber, at least 15 gauge intravenous line should be introduced. Pitfalls for IV fluid requirements for burn victims. Answer - These patients require greater fluid requirements: ~immolation injury ~pediatric burn victims ~concomitant blunt or crush injuries.