CMA Study Guide

Portal Hypertension - Answer-increased venous pressure in the portal circulation caused by cirrhosis or compression of the hepatic vascular system. Hepatomegaly - Answer-abnormal enlargement of the liver fecalith - Answer-a hard, impacted mass of feces in the colon. Lymphadenopathy - Answer-any disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels. Endemic - Answer-A term describing a disease or microorganism that is specific to a particular geographic area. Hematemesis - Answer-Vomiting of bright red blood, associated with esophogeal varices or peptic ulcers. Ileostomy - Answer-Surgical formation of an opening of the ileum onto the surface of the abdomen through which fecal material is emptied. Portal circulation - Answer-Pathway of blood flow through the portal veins from the GI system to the liver. Small Intestine - Answer-Lined with transverse folds of tissue, called villi, there are 25,000 of these Digestion - Answer-completed in the duodenum Large intestine - Answer-Cecum, Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, and anus. Pancreatic Duct - Answer-Delivers digestive enzymes to the duodenum. Amalase for digestion, trypsin for protein breakdown, and lipase for fats. - completes digestion of nutrients. Peptic Ulcers - Answer-Caused by H. Pylori Pyloric Stenosis - Answer-Narrowing and hardending of the pyloric sphincter at the distal end of stomach. - apparent in newborns 2 to 6 weeks old. - vomiting after feeding. Defacation - Answer-The final function Feces - Answer-Moved into the sigmoid colon and rectum. Bile - Answer-Produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, to the duodenum. Treatment of Gallstones - Answer-Surgical removal of gallbladder. - gallstones may be fragmented by lithotripsy procedures. Sims Position - Answer-Have patient turn on his or her left side. Viral hepititis - Answer-Necrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. B, C, and D are lifelong carriers Cholelithiasis (gallstones) - Answer-More common with a high cholestrol, high calorie diet. - associated with obesity - 20% of people older than 65 develop disease. Hepititis - Answer-Inflammation of the liver