High acuity final test 2022/2023

High acuity final test 2022/2023 spleen -Site of destruction for injured or worn-out RBCs -Reservoir for B cells -Storage site for blood -Releases blood in times of demand antigens -capable of triggering immune response if recognized by B or T cell -3 groups: (1)Foreign to body (2)Self-markers (self-antigens) (3)Tumor markers (tumor-associate antigens) foreign antigens -Pathogens or pathogenic antigens -capable of causing disease -Bacteria, viruses, parasites, other microorganisms -Vaccines = killed or weakened form of a virus or bacteria -Transplanted tissues/ organs self antigens -All nucleated cells contain surface antigens (histocompatibility antigens or human leukocyte antigens) -Allows to distinguish self from non-self Tumor-associated Antigens -Some tumors display particular antigens -These antigens distinguish abnormal cells from normal -low levels may occur naturally -elevation may indicate an inc in abnormal cells. Innate (Natural) Immunity -Nonspecific response to recognize and attack foreign cells. -Nonadaptive -Reacts the same to all foreign cells, regardless of previous exposure -physical barriers, Skin, Mucous membranes, Chemical barriers (GI tract) neutrophils -Outnumber all other leukocytes (50-70%) -First line of defense in infection or inflammation. -Can be found at site of injury w/i 1-1.5 hrs -Responsible for formation of pus -Intracellular granules contain enzymes to break down foreign substances -Reserved in bone marrow for 5 days -6-8 hr life once release