BIS 2A

BIS 2A What is the difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER-While they are both transport protiens active in facilitated diffusion, channel protiens are always open and work faster than carriers. While carrier protiens bind to a substance and change shape for that substance to pass through. What is Tonicity? - CORRECT ANSWER-The ability of an extra cellular solution to change in volume by affecting osmosis. What is osmoregulation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mechanism of controlling the affects of osmosis What is a purpose of cytoskeleton other than maintaining shape? - CORRECT ANSWER-Enabling cytoplasm or vesicular movement, enables cells to respond to stimuli. What are microfilaments? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are made of actin and interact with strands of other proteins What are intermediate filaments? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are fibrous proteins that stabilize the cell structure and help to maintain shape. What are microtubules made of? What are they shaped like? - CORRECT ANSWERMade of tublin, are long hollow cylinders. What components of the cytoskeleton do transport proteins "walk" on? - CORRECT ANSWER-Microfilaments. How do motor proteins know which direction to go on microtubules? - CORRECT ANSWER-There are different type of motor proteins that walk different directions along the microtubules, some walk towards the positive end and some walk towards the negative end. What does moving electrons equal? - CORRECT ANSWER-Changing bonds. Glucose is a (oxidized/reduced) compound. - CORRECT ANSWER-Reduced. Following the hydrogens: When there are less hydrogens in a product than there were in the reactant then the substance has become (oxidized/reduced) - CORRECT ANSWER-Oxidized. What type of compound, oxidized reduced, would make a good fuel source? - CORRECT ANSWER-A reduced compound. What is a reduction potential? What does a greater reduction potential mean? - CORRECT ANSWER-Reduction potential is the measurements of every compounds tendency to accept or donate electrons. The greater the reduction potential, the more likely to become reduced and gain an electron. What order are the half reactions in in a redox tower? - CORRECT ANSWEROxidized/Reduced Are the weakest reduction potentials at the top or the bottom of a redox tower? - CORRECT ANSWER-Top Electrons go ________ the redox tower. (This is assuming the redox tower is in order) - CORRECT ANSWER-Down Half reactions at the top of the redox tower contain molecules that will: - CORRECT ANSWER-Become oxidized In general, what is happening in glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucose is being oxidized into pyruvate. There has to be some input of energy (specifically ATP) in order to overcome the activation energy for this to occur. If NAD+ or NADH are in a reaction, what can we assume about the reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER-That it is a redox reaction. What could be said for an energy story about glycolysis? (A reference picture of glycolysis can be used) - CORRECT ANSWER--the energy comes from the bonds in glucose -an input of two ATP is needed in order for the glucose to become unstable enough to break down -ATP is produced - NADH is produced -2 pyruvate are produced -this reaction is done in a series of steps. -the overall reaction is exergonic and releases quite a bit of energy What is it called when a phosphate is pulled off a sugar and added to an ADP? - CORRECT ANSWER-Substrate-level phosphorylation What is the problem with running only glycolysis? What can be done to help this problem? - CORRECT ANSWER-If you run only glycolysis, then you start to run out of NAD+ and would eventually have to stop glycolysis. So if the NAD+ pool is running low, then fermentation allows NADH to be recycled back into NAD+