NU 545 Unit 1 Exam Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (A+).

NU 545 Unit 1 Exam Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (A+). What is metabolic absorption? “All the cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings. Cells of the intestine and the kidney are specialized to carry out absorption. Cells of the kidney tubules reabsorb fluids and synthesize proteins. Intestinal epithelial cells reabsorb fluids and synthesize protein enzymes” (McCance WHAT USES OXYGEN TO REMOVE HYDROGEN ATOMS IN AN OXIDATIVE REACTION? Peroxisomes (microbodies) which are membrane-bound organelles that contain several oxidative enzymes) contain several oxidative enzymes such as catalase and urate oxidase. They detoxify compounds and fatty acids During cell injury what is released that is capable of cellular auto digestion? Lysosomal enzymes - that can react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. Where is the genetic information contained in the cell? the nucleolus a small dense structure composed largely of RNA; most of the cellular DNA; and the DNA binding proteins, the histones, that regulate its activity. What are the major chemical components of the cell membranes? Ans: Lipids and Proteins Explanation: The major chemical components of all cell membranes are lipids and proteins, but the percentage of each varies among different membranes. WHAT ALLOWS POTASSIUM TO DIFFUSE IN AND OUT OF CELLS? The sodium – potassium pump with ATP active transport/ ATPase (Adenosine Triphosphatase) How is the cell protected from injury? Plasma membrane functions: Protection, barrier to toxic molecules and macromolecules [proteins, nucleic acid, polysaccharides]” IN CIRRHOSIS, WHAT DOES CHOLESTEROL HAVE TO DO WITH THE ERYTHROCYTES? Affects the cell's ability to transport oxygen . Cholesterol content of red blood cell's plasma membrane increases and interferes with the cell's ability to transport oxygen. Platelet-derived growth factor Secreted by platelets and endothelial cells - Mitotic stimulant for fibroblasts and smooth muscle to multiply and repair damaged vessel What is cell communication and how does it occur? Method that cells use to maintain homeostasis. Regulates their growth and division and their development and organization into tissues and to coordinate their functions. Occurs through gap junctions, receptors, and they secrete chemicals tat signal to cells some distance away What is CHEMICAL SIGNALING? (Transmission between Neurons) information is passed between neurons through chemicals called neurotransmitters. How is glucose transported from the blood to the cell? Passive mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)-does not require energy, down the concentration gradient. Transported by a uniport mechanism.