Chapter 19: Differential Gene Expression in Development

BIOL 1411 Test File Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition Chapter 19: Differential Gene Expression in Development TEST FILE QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following statements about stem cell treatments is false? a. Until about 1990, no stem cell treatments were available for humans. b. Stem cells can be gathered from adipose (fatty) tissue. c. Stem cells are always in the process of actively dividing. d. Connective tissue often arises from mesenchymal stem cells. e. All of the above are true; none is false. Answer: a Textbook Reference: 19.0 On track with stem cells Page: 405 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 2. Which of the following properties is required for an organism to undergo development? a. It must be diploid during some part of its life cycle. b. It must be multicellular during some part of its life cycle. c. The embryo must be contained within a protective structure during some part of its life cycle. d. All of the above e. None of the above Answer: b Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 406 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 3. A structure that enables an embryo to feed directly from its mother is called a a. zygote. b. seed. c. stem cell. d. placenta. e. morphogen. Answer: d Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 406 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 4. The process by which the developmental fate of a cell is set is called a. determination. b. morphogenesis. c. differentiation. d. induction. e. totipotency. Answer: a Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 406 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 5. Which of the following statements about the processes of development is true? a. Morphogenesis requires prior differentiation. b. Determination requires prior differentiation. c. Differentiation requires prior determination. d. Both a and c e. None of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 406 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 6. Which of the following statements about developmental processes is true? a. Biologists usually can observe determination via microscopic studies. b. Differentiation is usually followed by determination. c. Differentiation consists of the actual biochemical, structural, and functional changes of a cell. d. All of the above e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 406 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 7. Differentiated cells in the process of forming the liver of a mouse provide an example of a. differentiation. b. determination. c. apoptosis. d. induction. e. morphogenesis. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 406 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 8. Which of the following statements is true? a. Apoptosis is important only in animal development. b. Apoptosis is important only in plant development. c. In plant development, cells are constrained by cell walls and normally do not move. d. In plant development, cell expansion is often slow to begin. e. Both a and c Answer: c Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 406–407 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 9. Which of the following statements is false? a. The fate of a cell can be determined by morphogenesis. b. Differential gene expression plays an important role in determining cell fate. c. Throughout development, especially in animals, the range of possible cell fates becomes progressively more restricted. d. The developmental potential of early embryonic cells is greater than their actual fates. e. All of the above are true; none is false. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 407 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 10. Which of the following techniques or studies would be most useful in testing the hypothesis that “The fate of the cells in an early fish embryo is irrevocably determined”? a. Monitoring gene expression in the cells and looking for differences in cells in different regions b. Transplanting cells from one region to another c. Examining structural differences among cells in different regions by means of a light microscope d. Using nuclear transfer procedures e. Observing whether the cells are undergoing apoptosis Answer: b Textbook Reference: 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Page: 408 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 11. What do we call a cell that is able to give rise to every cell in the adult body? a. Determined b. Pluripotent c. Totipotent d. Multipotent e. Morphogenic Answer: c Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 408 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 12. If a cell that has been isolated from the root of a carrot is given the appropriate nutrients and cues, it will give rise to a mass of undifferentiated cells. This new structure is called a. a clone. b. a ewe. c. a callus. d. the lens placode. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 409 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 13. During the 1950s, Robert Briggs and Thomas King performed pioneering studies of development using nuclear transfer of frog embryos. Which of the following was not one of the conclusions that could be drawn from their studies? a. The nuclei of early frog embryos retain the genetic potential for totipotency. b. The cytoplasmic environment around a nucleus can modify its fate. c. Information is lost from the nuclei of cells during the early stages of development. d. There is a principle of genomic equivalence. e. All of the above were conclusions of the studies. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 409 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 14. The fact that animal somatic cells from early embryos retain their totipotency was first demonstrated by a. Ed Lewis. b. James Watson and Francis Crick. c. Robert Briggs and Thomas King. d. Eric Davidson and Greg Wray. e. Ian Wilmut. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 409 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 15. Of the following techniques used in the cloning of Dolly the sheep, which one was initially used by Briggs and King in their studies with frog embryos? a. Transferring cells from one location to another on the embryo b. Enucleating an egg c. Arresting the cell cycle of the donor cells d. Bisecting the embryo e. None of the above Answer: b Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 409 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 16. In the first successful cloning of a sheep, cells from the ewe’s udder were modified to become appropriate donor cells. In order for these udder cells to be suitable donor cells, they were a. arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. b. arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. c. supplied with extra nutrients. d. Both a and c e. Both b and c Answer: a Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 409 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 17. The first known successful cloning of a mammal was accomplished by a. Dolly Madison. b. Robert Briggs and Thomas King. c. Eric Davidson. d. Ed Lewis. e. Ian Wilmut. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 409 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 18. Which of the following statements about cloned animals is true? a. Cloned pets will have the same behavioral characteristics as the original pet. b. Cloning has been used to preserve endangered species. c. Cloning has been used in conjunction with recombinant DNA technology for commercial purposes. d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: e Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 410 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 19. Adult stem cells can be best described as a. homeotic. b. totipotent. c. pluripotent. d. multipotent. e. morphogenic. Answer: d Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 411 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 20. Which of the following statements about hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is false? a. It involves pluripotent stem cells. b. It uses the patient’s own stem cells. c. It is used because some treatments against cancer also kill hematopoietic cells. d. It leads to the production of both red and white blood cells. e. All of the above are true; none is false. Answer: a Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 411 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 21. Which of the following is the correct ranking of stem cells with respect to the number of cell types into which they can differentiate (from greatest to least)? a. Multipotent pluripotent totipotent b. Pluripotent totipotent multipotent c. Pluripotent multipotent totipotent d. Totipotent pluripotent multipotent e. Totipotent multipotent pluripotent Answer: d Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 411 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 22. In laboratory mice, embryonic stem cells can be removed from early embryos called a. gastrulas. b. blastocysts. c. pluteus embryos. d. “heart” embryos. e. None of the above Answer: b Textbook Reference: 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? Page: 411 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 23. Which of the following statements about stem cells is true?