NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology

NR 507 Week 4 Midterm 58/60 = 96.7% The coronary ostia are located in the: (Points : 2) Left ventricle Aortic valve Coronary sinus Aorta Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge? (Points : 2) Trachea Left lung Bronchus Bronchioles Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction? (Points : 2) IgA IgE IgG IgM Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an): (Points : 2) Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self­antigens Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens What is the final stage of the infectious process? (Points : 2) Colonization Invasion Multiplication Spread 1. Colonization 2. Invasion 3. Multiply 4. spread The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? (Points : 2) Right­to­left blood shunting Left­to­right blood shunting Blood flow from the umbilical cord Blood flow to the lungs It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding? (Points : 2) Cancer is confined to the organ of origin. Cancer has spread to regional structures. Cancer is locally invasive. Cancer has spread to distant sites What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? (Points : 2) Consolidation Pulmonary edema Atelectasis Bronchiolar plugging Which statement is true concerning the IgM? (Points : 2) IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. IgM mediates many common allergic responses. IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins. IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta. Apoptosis is a(an): (Points : 2) Normal mechanism for cells to self­destruct when growth is excessive Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor­suppressor gene Rb Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? (Points : 2) The resulting pain is severe. Benign tumors are not encapsulated. Benign tumors are fast growing. The cells are well­differentiated. Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations? (Points : 2) PRS QRS QT interval P Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection? (Points : 2) Staphylococcus aureus Clostridium perfringens Helicobacter pylori Treponema pallidum Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? (Points : 2) Adrenal cortex Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Limbic system What is the role of caretaker genes? (Points : 2) Maintenance of genomic integrity Proliferation of cancer cells Secretion of growth factors Restoration of normal tissue structure Where are antibodies produced? (Points : 2) Helper T lymphocytes Thymus gland Plasma cells Bone marrow The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve? (Points : 2) Vagus Phrenic Brachial Pectoral What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? (Points : 2) Increased blood pressure during periods of stress Bounding pulse felt on palpation Cyanosis observed on excretion Murmur heard on auscultation What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? (Points : 2) Immature immune system Small alveoli Surfactant deficiency Anemia What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia? (Points : 2) Hypotension Hyperesthesia Hypoxia Ischemia Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized? (Points : 2) Dysplasia Hyperplasia Myoplasia Anaplasia Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia? (Points : 2) Iron deficiency Pernicious Sideroblastic Hemolytic How is most carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood transported? (Points : 2) Attached to oxygen In the form of bicarbonate Combined with albumin Dissolved in the plasma Question 24.24. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? (Points : 2) IgM IgG IgE IgA Question 25.25. An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? (Points : 2) IgG IgM IgA IgE Question 26.26. Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? (Points : 2) Retropharyngeal abscess Laryngospasms Rupturing of the tonsils Gagging induced aspiration Question 27.27. Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man? (Points : 2) Ligase chain reaction (LCR) Gram-stain technique Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA testing Question 28.28. Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? (Points : 2) The immune response is similar each time it is activated. The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. The response to a specific pathogen is short term. The response is innate, rather than acquired. Question 29.29. When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds? (Points : 2) Left lung Right lung Trachea Carina Question 30.30. What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonococci infections in men? (Points : 2) Epididymis Lymph nodes Urethra Prostate Question 31.31. Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function? (Points : 2) Iron Zinc Iodine Magnesium