MGT 420 Topic 3 Quiz Practice

1. Marciaarrivesatherfirstjobaftergraduatingwithamaster’sdegree.Sheis notveryenthusiasticaboutthejobandproducesmarginalwork.BecausetheteamthinksMarciais areallygoodperson,theyarewillingtofixMarcia’s mistakes. 2. Afterherfirstmonthon thejob, Marcia’s supervisor realizeswhatishappeningandtellstheteamtheyarenothelpingMarciabycoveringuphermistakes.ThesupervisorordersthemtoallowMarciatosucceedorfailonherown.OnceMarcia is forcedtorelyonherself,sherealizes thatsheneedsto improveherattitudeandworkperformance.Whattypeofbehaviordoes thisdescribe? 3. Atheorythatstatesthatbehaviorthatresultsin apleasantoutcomeis likelytoberepeated,whereasbehaviorthatresultsinanunpleasantconditionisnotlikelytoberepeatedisknownasthelawof 4. Atechniquethatisdesignedtoencouragepositivebehaviorbywithdrawingnegativeconsequencestoreducethelikelihoodofanundesirablebehaviorbeingrepeatedisknownas 5. Asupervisoralwaysprovidespublicpositivefeedback,whichoftenincludesatangiblegift(giftcertificates,ticketstolocalevents,andothercovetedrewards)when a team completes a project within the stated budget and allotted time,andwithaproductthatsatisfiesthecustomer.This supervisorbelievesthattheserewardswillincreasethelikelihoodofdesirablebehaviorinthefuture. 6. Thisapproachisknownas 7. Galen started a new job by showing up fifteen minutes before the official starttime, taking a short lunch, and leaving approximately fifteen minutes after theofficialquittingtime.DuringthefirstweekGalen'ssupervisortakeshimasideandtells himthathe isreallyimpressedwith thefactthatGalenissopunctualanddedicatedtothework.ThenextweekGalen’ssupervisoronceagaincomplimentsGalenonhispunctualityandhardwork.Galencontinuesthis 8. behaviorwhileheworksunderthissupervisor.Whattypeofconditioninghasoccurredhere? 9. A supervisor is reviewing the past year’s performance and notes that his teamaccomplished a lot. He believes that the successes are due to his leadership.However,thereweresomefailuresandheplacestheblameforthosefailuresonseveralteammembers.Whattypeofperceptiondoesthisdescribe? 10. One of the ways to build or enhance self-efficacy is to 11. A supervisor inanagingproductionfacilityobservesthat thefacilityispoorlylit,doesnothaveagoodtemperatureregulator,isoftentoohotortoocold,andhassomeoutdatedequipment.Thesupervisoralsonotesthatquiteoffewofthe workers in the production facility are not as productive as the workers oftwenty-fiveyearsago.Thesupervisorhasachatwithoneofthevicepresidentsto describe the situation, and relates to the vice president that the workers oftodayjustdonothavethestrengthofcharacterthatpreviousgenerationsdid. Thisisanexampleof 12. One way that people make sense of the world is to understand why somethinghappenedtothempersonally.Thisisknownasattribution.Forexample,supposea student gets a poor grade in a class. The student responds by saying “theteacher doesn't like me,” as the cause of the bad grade. The average grade inthe class was 95. What element of attribution is affecting the student’sperceptionsaboutthecourse? 13. Jamesisconductinginterviewstodeterminewhichmemberofhisdepartment will be promoted to be the team leader for the Phoenix team. One person in thedepartment,Bernice,seemstostandoutasanindividualperformer.Bernice ispunctualandalwaysarrivesatworkontimeorearlyandisneverlatetoteammeetings.Herindividualperformanceasasystemsengineerhasbeenexcellent.AlthoughBernicehasneverheldasupervisoryposition,Jamesisconvincedthat shewillbeanexcellentteamleader.James’impressionsaboutBernicearemost likelydueto 14. Robbieisastrongsupporterofacertainnewapproachtocuringcancer.Theapproachhasnotbeenformallytestedandhasnotbeenapprovedbyanycertifying organization in any country. Robbie reads an article in an online blogthatisatestimonytoallthepeoplewhohavebeenhealedbythisnewapproach. Based on an article alone, Robbie tells everyone there is clearevidencethattheapproachworks.Robbie'sattitudeabouttheapproachislikelycausedby 15. Mariahasjustbeenpromotedtobecomethenewestsupervisorinherdepartment.Mariahasalwaysbelievedthatanemployeeshouldarriveearlytowork,takeshortlunchbreaks,andleavewhentheworkisdone.Shetakesherresponsibilitiesveryseriouslyandbelievesthereisnoexcusefornotcompletinganassignmentontime.Sheismakinguptheworkscheduleforhernewteamandwantstomakesurethateveryoneis“doinghisorhershare.”Maria'sattitudeaboutothers’workpreferencesisanexampleof 16. Comparinganindividual’scharacteristicswithotherindividualswhohaveahigherorlowerdegreeofthesamecharacteristicsisknownas 17. Anewlygraduatedengineerreceivedabrightyellow,sleeknewsportscarasarewardforsuccessfullyfinishingherdegree.Previously,theindividualdrovewhatmightbestbedescribedasa“clunker.”Whenshedrovetheclunker,sheneveronce received atrafficcitationorwaseven pulled overbythepolice.Shehas been driving the sports car for about a month, and has been pulled overfourtimesbythepoliceandbeenissuedawarningoneofthosetimes.Thisisanexampleof 18. MiltonisintroducedtotheChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO) ofaverylargeandveryprominentconsultingfirm.MiltonissomewhatstartledtoseethattheCEOisafemale.What simplifyingperceptual devicehas Milton used? 19. Sarahhasworkedinthesameprofessionforoverthirtyyears.Sherecentlyobservedthatyoungerindividualsenteringtheworkforcearetakingmoreofthesupervisoryjobs.Infact,youngerworkershavesurpassedSarahforsupervisorypositionsafewtimesinthelasttenyears.Asaresult,Sarahhasdevelopedanegativeattitudetowardyounger workersingeneral.Shethinksthey areinexperiencedandunknowledgeable,anddonotunderstandtheimportanceoftheworkSarahdoes.InanalyzingSarah’sperceptualcharacteristics,itwouldbereasonabletoassumethatthissituationrepresentsthecharacteristicsofthe 20. Alexanderisinterviewingforajobwithanewcompany.Thejobwouldincludeapromotionandwouldleadtoapotentialexecutivepositioninthefuture. 21. Alexander spends some time at the local spa, getting a tan, a haircut, and afacial. He picks out his best suit and most attractive tie, and he polishes hisshoestoadeepshine.Alexanderispracticing 22. People in contemporary society are constantly inundated with information.Television,magazines,newspapers,emails,instantmessages,andallmannerofsocialmediaprovideaplethoraofinformationtomanyindividuals.Mostpeopledealwiththisthroughaprocesscalled 23. Janeis viewinganinteresting television show,andshenoticesthatacertaincommercialforanapplianceisairedfourtimesduringaone-hourshow.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsof perceptionaretheadvertisersusing? 24. Theprimarycharacteristicsinfluencinganindividual'sperceptionincludecharacteristicsoftheperceiver,thesetting,andtheperceived. 25. Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostcloselyalignswiththenurturesideofthenature/nurturedebate? 26. Brooke is a religious woman who believes that the best people share herreligion. She has to hire one of five candidates for a job. The second-bestcandidatesharesherbeliefs,buttheverybestdoesnot.WhatshouldBrookedo? 27. Whichof the followingbestdescribesthedifferencebetweenself-esteemandself-efficacy? 28. Which of the following traits is most likely to produce feelings of out-groupmembership? 29. Howareprejudiceandstigmarelated? 30. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofaprejudicedstatement? 31. “Heisatypicalmananddoesn’tlistentoanythingyoutellhim,whichiswhyhe 32. The main difference between discrimination and prejudice is that discriminationisa(n) whereasprejudiceisa(n) 33. Inordertohireandretaindisabledworkersacompanyshouldfocusoncomplianceandinclusion. 34. Ajithasbeenassignedtoanewprojectteamatwork.Theteamhasbeentaskedwith assessing the company’s customer resource management software anddetermining which portions need to be updated and then makingrecommendations for those updates. Other people in the company view thisproject as being doomed to fail; previous attempts at this assessment andoverhaulhavebeendisastrous.Ajit,however,isconfidentthatheandtheotherswillbesuccessfulattheir task.Basedonthisinformation,Ajitisbestdescribedashaving aboutthetask. 35. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofagediscrimination? 36. Which of the following is aimed at removing prejudice directed at individualswithdisabilities? 37. Llewynisamanageratawell-knowncoffeeshop.Heishiringforanewassistantmanagerandreceivesapplicationsfromfivecandidates.Heschedulesinterviewswiththreewhitemalecandidatesanddecidesnotto scheduleinterviewswiththeothertwo,aHispanicmanandanIndianwoman,duetohisownprejudicesaboutminorities. 38. Thesideofthenature/nurturedebatethatbelievesthatpeopleactincertainwaysbecauseoftheirgenesisknownas 39. Micahmanagesagroupofeighttransportationengineersatamid-sizedfirm.Micah’semployeesrespectandlikehimbecauseheunderstandsthetypeofworkeachemployeelikesandtriestoassignworkaccordingly.Healsoisawareofwhichemployeesworkwelltogetherandwhichdonotanddoeshisbesttocreateprojectteamsaroundthesegroupings.InassigningworkandstructuringteamsMicahdisplays 40. Which of the following is an example of glass-ceiling discrimination? 41. Whichofthe followingworkersdisplayshighself-esteemandlowself-efficacy? 42. Leahconstantlydoubtsherdecisionsandhercapabilitytobesuccessful.Shefeelslikesheneverdoesanythingright,evenifshehasexcellentdirectionsandampletime to completeherprojects.Sheconstantlydiscreditsher ownideasandintelligence.Inaddition,sheisafraidtospeakupinmeetingsbecausesheis afraid others in the room will laugh at her. Based on this information, Leah isbestdescribedashavinglow 43. What makes discrimination different from prejudice? 44. Ensuringthatallemployeesfeelcomfortableandwelcomeintheworkplacefostersanattitudeof 45. Whatisdeep-leveldiversity? 46. Whichofthe followingisacharacteristicofadiverseworkplace? 47. Self-awarenessisformedbyanindividual’sviewofhimselforherselfasaphysicalbeing. 48. Whichofthefollowingattributesisacomponentofdeep-leveldiversity? 49. Whatistheleakingpipeline? 50. •Georgedislikesgoinganywherenew.Hefeelsawkwardwhenspeakingwithpeoplehedoesnotknowandhasbeencontenttoliveinthesametownandworkatthesamejobforthepasttwodecades.Georgeishighinopennesstoexperience. 51. Nottrustingyour firm’sleaderstomakethecorrectdecisionsaboutthefutureofthecompanyisanexampleofHofstede’s 52. WhatwasthefirstU.S.companytoaddasectiontoitsnon-discriminationpolicyregardingsexualorientation? 53. ThemostvisibleresultoftheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActhasbeenuniversaldesign. 54. Jamie'sjobisverystressful.Shehasbeengainingweightandbecomingcareless inherwork.Toaddressthesituation,shehasbegunaweightmanagementprogram and sees a job counselor once a week. Which of the followingresponsesdoesJamie’sactionsillustrate? 55. Religiousleaders,whoareusuallymysticalandfocusedonhumanpotential,wouldtypicallyfallunderwhichofthefollowingtypes,accordingtoCarlJung? 56. Howdolearningandexperiencesrelatetovalues? 57. Managingaproblemthatiscausingdistressistermed 58. Achievement,concernforothers,honesty,andfairnessarecharacteristicsof 59. Surface-leveldiversityisbasedoninvisiblecharacteristics. 60. Whataresocialtraits? 61. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratestheconceptofnatureversusnurture? 62. Which of the following statements best illustrates the idea of self-efficacy? 63. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue? 64. Whatarethetwokeydecisionsthatpeoplemakeregardingtheiremploymentandorganizationalmemberships? 65. Chrisalwaysmakespositiveandcomplimentarycommentswhenheisinpublicplaces,suchasatthegymortheclassroom. 66. Whichofthefollowingtermsidentifiescyber-loafing,day-dreaming,orappearingbusyasdisengagementbehaviors? 67. Accordingtoresearchconductedonthetopic,whatistrueregardingthetrendsofjobsatisfaction? 68. Oneoftheassessmenttoolsoftenusedtomeasurelevelsofjobsatisfactionamong workers is the Job Descriptive Index (JDI). Of the five facets identifiedwiththeJDI,whichmeasuresone’ssatisfactionwithtechnicalhelpandsocial support. 69. What is the term associated with attitudes that reflect high levels of jobinvolvement,organizationalcommitment,andorganizationidentification? 70. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueregardingorganizationalcommitment? 71. Astoremanagerrecentlyhiredanewemployee.Duringtheinterviewthenewemployeeexhibitedagreatattitudeaboutpunctuality,workethic,andintegrity. 72. Anindividualmayhavetheattitudethateatinghealthyandexercisingisgoodfor a long life, but will sit watching television or playing videos for hours whileindulging in pizza and soda every weekend. This inconsistency represents 73. Whichofthefollowingstatementsrelatesthecognitivecomponentofanattitude? 74. It represents a person’s ideas about someone or something (based onunderlyingbeliefs,opinions,andknowledge)andtheconclusionsdrawnabout 75. Whatisthebasicnotionbehindaffectiveeventstheory(AET)? 76. Whichofthefollowingisatruestatementregardingourunderstandingof 77. Inonemomentyoumaylearnthatyougotajoboffer.Inthenextmomentyouare being stoppedbya police officer. 78. Amanagerconductedanannualgoal-settingexercisewitheachofhereightemployees earlyinthe year.Atmid-year,verylittleprogresshadbeenmadeinachievinganyofthegoals.Themanagerthoughtthegoalswerechallengingbutwithintheteam’scapability.Shealsothoughtthatbysettinggeneralgoalsshewouldbringouttheirinnovativebest,andbytellingthemto“doyourbest”shehadrelievedpressureontheteam.Whatcouldshehavedonetoimproveperformancetomeetthegoals? 79. heprocessofdeveloping,negotiating,andformalizingthetargetsorobjectivesthatapersonisresponsibleforaccomplishingisknownas 80. Whichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelydescribesaneffectivegoal-settingguideline? 81. Amanagerwishestoinfluenceandimproveinstrumentalityinaworkteam.Aneffectivestrategywouldbeto 82. Theprobabilityassignedbyanindividualthatagivenlevelofachievedtaskperformancewillleadtovariousworkoutcomesisknownas 83. Aseniorengineerisknownasanefficientperfectionist.She isverytalentedwhendesigningsolutionsfordifficultproblems,andwhensheleadsa project itinvariablyachievesallgoalsontimeandwithinbudget.Shehasbeenofferedapromotion, but she has declined. She tells her best friend, “I really enjoycompleting these projects and seeing them operate correctly.” McClellan’sThematic Apperception Test (TAT) theory would describe her primary need as aneedfor 84. Thelengthoftimeapersonstayswithacourseofaction,evenwhenitisdifficult,isknownas 85. Motivationaltheoriesthatfocusprimarilyonindividualneeds—physiologicalorpsychologicaldeficienciesthatwefeelacompulsiontoreduceoreliminate—arecharacterizedas theories. 86. Motivationaltheoriesthatfocusesprimarilyonhowcognitiveprocesses—individualthoughtsanddecisiontendencies—influenceworkbehaviorareknownas theories.