Laboratory Animal Technician Certification questions and answers well illustrated.

Laboratory Animal Technician Certification questions and answers well illustrated. Abduction - correct answers.The movement of a bone away from the mid-line of the body or away from the axis of an extremity. Abomasum - correct answers.The fourth stomach compartment of a ruminant animal; the only compartment that secretes digestive enzymes and is thus a true stomach. Abscess - correct answers.A localized collection of pus accompanied by swelling in any part of the body. Accessory Sex Gland - correct answers.A gland associated with the urogenital tract;for example, the prostate and seminal vesicles in males which provide the fluid needed for sperm transport during ejaculation Acclimation period - correct answers.The time given to a newly arrived animal to become accuslomed to its new surroundings before the research for which it is intended begins. Acetylcholine - correct answers.A naturally occurring substance in the body t hat is involved i n the transmission of nerve impulses. Acid - correct answers.Chemical or solution with a pH below 7.Chemicals that have a very low pH can cause chemical burns to the skin and should be handled cautiously. Acquired immunity - correct answers.Immunity acquired through exposure to an antigen,which results in the activation of immune cells and the formation of antibodies to this antigen. Also called active immunity. Activity cage - correct answers.A specialized animal unit or cage that allows an animal to exercise freely while its activity is being recorded or measured Acute disease - correct answers.A disease having rapid onset and short duration. Acute toxicity test - correct answers.A test in which the test animal receives a single dose of a test substance. Adduction - correct answers.The movement of a bone toward the midline of the body or toward the axis of an extremity Ad libitum - correct answers.Making feed or water availble to the animal at all times Adipose tissue - correct e made up of cells that store fatty substances,such as lipids and fatty acids. Used as a source of energy for the body. Also called fatty tissue Adjuvant - correct answers.A substance that enhances the potency of another substance. In immunology. it is a substance that enhances the immune response to antigens Adrenaline - correct answers.A hormone that is secreted by the adrenal medulla into the blood stream in response to physical or mental stress. such as that caused by fear or injury. Adrenaline causes a rapid increase in blood pressure. metabolic rate, and blood glucose concentration. Also called epinephrine. Adrenergic - correct answers.A drug, or other subtance that has effects similar to epinephrine. Adventitious - correct answers.Accidental or acquired; not natural or hereditary Aerosol - correct answers.A suspension, fine mist. or spray which contains minute particles. Examples of common aerosolized particles include pollen. medications (as in inhalation therapy)or pathogens Agar - correct answers.A polymer made up of subunits of the sugar galactose that becomes gelatinous when dissolved in hot water and cooled. Used as medium for culturing microorganisms Agonist - correct answers.A drug capable of stimulating physiologic activity Agouti - correct answers.An animal color pattern in which the hairs are dark brown with yellow bands close to the g the animal a light brown appearance. Agranulocyte - correct answers.A white blood cell that contains a multilobed nucleus and has microscopic granules in its cytoplasm; types include leukocytes and monocytes. Air exchange - correct answers.The number of times per hour the ventilation system replaces the air in the room. Albino - correct answers.A inherited condition marked by the absence of melanin, resulting in non pigmented skin. coat, and eyes. An albino animal has white fur or feathers and pink eyes (irises). Alimentary canal - correct answers.A long tube extending from the mouth to the anus: includes organs such as the stomach and intestines. Also called the gastrointestinal tract. Allele - correct answers.One member of a pair of genes that occupies a specific site on a given chromosome. Alternate form of a gene Allergen - correct answers.A substance that is recognized as foreign by the immune system and that causes an allergic reaction Allergy - correct answers.Hypersensitivity to certain substances. such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms. Alopecia - correct answers.Hairloss, usually associated with a skin disease, fighting, parasites, or barbering. AItricial - correct opmental state in which animals are horn blind, hairless, and helpless. Most rodents are altricial at birth Alveolus (plural, alveoli) - correct answers.A microscopic air sac in the lungs where the exchange of respiratory gases occurs through a network of finely divided blood capillaries Ambulation - correct answers.The physical act of walking Amino acid - correct answers.The basic chemical building block of which proteins are made Amorphous - correct answers.Having no shape or organization. Analgesic: - correct answers.A type of drug that alleviates pain without rendering the animal unconscious. Anaphylactic shock - correct answers.A sudden ,severe allergic reaction characterized by a sharp drop in blood pressure, hives, and respiratory distress.' The reaction may be fatal if emergency treatment is not administered immediately. Androgen - correct answers.Testosterone or any of the related male sex hormones Anemia - correct answers.A blood disorder in which the number or size of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin per volume of blood is below normal. In anemia, the volume of packed red blood cells per volume of blood is less than normal Anemometer - correct answers.An instrument that measures air flow; used for balancing ventilation. Anesthesia - correct answers.The temporary loss of feeling or sensation induced by one or more drugs; may refer to local, regional, or general types of anesthesia Anesthetic - correct answers.A type of drug that blocks the sensation of pain by acting on nerves or the brain. A general anesthetic also renders the individual unconscious Anestrus - correct answers.The period of time between breeding seasons in some animal species. such as dogs and cats. Animal model - correct answers.An animal whose structural or functional similarity to humans or other animals makes it useful in the study of human or animal diseases. Animal Welfare Act - correct answers.The federal l aw by which the USDA regulates the use of warm -blooded vertebrates in research. Does not cover birds, rats and mice bred exclusively for research, or farm animals used or intended for use as food or fiber. Animal Welfare Regulations - correct answers.(AWR):The federal regulations that specify how the Animal Welfare Act should be followed. The AWR are enforced by the USDA Anogenital distance - correct answers.The distance between the anus and genital papilla of most animals; typically greater in males than in females. Used for sexing animals. Anorexia - correct answers.Loss of appetite Antagonist - correct answers.A drug that counteracts or opposes the action of another drug or blocks a physiological activity. Anterior - correct answers.Toward the front of the body, generally used in reference to bipeds Anthelmintic - correct answers.A type of drug that eliminates a wide variety of parasitic worms Anthropoid - correct answers.A primate that appears human like; includes apes and monkeys Antibiotic - correct answers.A type of drug that kills or prevents the reproduction of bacteria on or in the body. Antibody - correct answers.A blood protein that is produced in response to foreign as a biomolecule, bacterium, virus, parasite, or transplanted organ. Antibody titer - correct answers.A test that measures the presence and a mount of antibody in blood. Anticoagulant: - correct answers.A substance, such as EDTA, sodium citrate, or heparin, that is added to blood samples to prevent clotting, thus allowing the blood to be separated into its liquid and solid components. Antidote - correct answers.An agent used to neutralize or counteract the effects of a poison Antifungal - correct answers.A substance that kills fungi or limits their growth. Antigen - correct answers.A microorganism or other foreign substance or protein, such as bee venom or dander. that prompts the body to develop an immune response. Anti-inflammatory - correct answers.A type of drug that reduces the swelling, itching, and pain associated with inflammatory reactions. Anti parasitic - correct answers.A type of drug that kills parasites living in or on a host animal. Antiprotozoal: - correct answers.A type of drug that kills protozoan parasites living within an animal. Antiseptic: - correct answers.A substance that kills some microorganisms or inhibits their growth. Not a steriliant, but can be used safely on living tissue; for example, tincture of iodine. Aorta - correct answers.The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed through the body by branch arteries. Aortic valve - correct answers.The membrane located between the aorta and the left ventricle that prevents the back flow of blood into the left ventricle of the heart Appendicular - correct answers.Pertaining to the limbs of the body Appendicular skeleton - correct answers.The bones attached to the axial skeleton that make up the limbs of an animal. Aqueous solution - correct answers.A mixture of a gas. solid dissolved in water. Arrhythmia - correct answers.An abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart that causes an irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat Artery - correct answers.A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the various parts of the body. Artificial insemination - correct answers.Manually placing semen into the reproductive tract of the female. Ascites: - correct answers.An accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity Asepsis - correct answers.A condition in which disease-producing microorganisms are absent;a state of sterility. Aseptic - correct answers.Free of pathogenic microorganisms Aseptic surgery - correct answers.A surgical technique in which the surgical wound is protected from contamination with infectious organisms. Also called surgical asepsis. Aseptic technique - correct answers.The art of preventing contamination of a disinfected or sterile field. Aspiration - correct answers.The withdrawal of fluid or other substances through a hypodermic needle. Asymptomatic - correct answers.Exhibiting no symptoms of disease Atherosclerosis - correct answers.A condition in which fatty deposits of yellowish plaque line the arteries and cause vascular ng to arterial obstruction. Athymic animal - correct answers.An animal lacking a thymus, which causes a genetic T-cell deficiency. Atlas - correct answers.The first cervical vertebra of the spinal column which, along with the axis, allows movement between the skull and the body. Atom - correct answers.The smallest unit of an element, having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons. Atrium - correct answers.An upper heart chamber which receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle Auricular artery - correct answers.An artery of the ear. which is the most common blood collection site in the rabbit. Also called central ear artery. Autoclave - correct answers.A machine with a closed chamber in which items are sterilized under high pressure by a timed exposure to superheated steam. Counter top and walk• through autoclaves are available, and are appropriate for sterilizing various items from surgical instruments to caging equipment. Also called a steam autoclave Autoclave tape - correct answers.Chemically treated adhesive tape used to indicate the effectiveness of the autoclave cycle.The tape changes color after exposure to hot steam for a period of ti me. Also called sensor tape. Autonomic nervous system - correct answers.A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls the involuntary functions of the. viscera and other organs Autoradiography - correct answers.A technique used to determine the tissue localization of a radioactive substance. Axenic: - correct answers.Refers to animals that are completely free of all detectable microorganisms and parasites. Also called germfree Axial - correct answers.Situated around or along an axis Axial skeleton - correct answers.The bones that make up the central trunk of the body, including the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. Axis - correct answers.The second cervical vertebra of the spinal column which, along with the atlas, allows movement between the skull and the body. Axon - correct answers.A long extension of a single nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the body of the nerve cell and towards other excitable cells. Backcrossing - correct answers.To cross a hybrid with one of its parents or with an individual genetically identical to one of its parents. Bacteremia - correct answers.A disease state where bacteria are present in the bloodstream Bacteriology - correct answers.The study of bacteria Bacterium - correct answers.A unicellular microorganism that usually multiplies by cell division. It has a cell wall and various organelles for metabolism and reproduction. In medicine, relevant bacteria are free-living, commensal organisms or pathogens. Visible when stained and viewed with light microscopy Barbering - correct answers.Hair-pulling done by dominant mice to the weaker mice to assert dominance; mice may need to be separated. Barbiturate - correct answers.A type of drug that depresses the central nervous system, providing a sedative-hypnotic effect. An overdose of barbiturates can be used for euthanasia. Barrier - correct answers.A system of engineering. equipment, and practices either to keep microbes within an area or to prevent their entry into that area. Barrier facility - correct answers.A facility that is designed for bio exclusion to prevent entry to microorganisms and to prevent pathogens from leaving the facility Barrier-reared animal - correct answers.An animal raised in a controlled microbial barrier, which prevents the entrance of pathogenic organisms. Barrow - correct answers.A castrated male pig Base - correct answers.A chemical or solution with a pH above 7. Chemicals with a very high pH can cause chemical burns and should be handled cautiously. A basic solution is also referred to as alkaline. Also a unit of DNA and RNA, so named because these units are chemical bases. Basophil - correct answers.A granular leukocyte (white blood cell) characterized by a nucleus having two or more lobes and dark purple-staining cytoplasmic granules B-cell - correct answers.A type of lymphocyte that synthesizes the antibodies and reacts with specific antigens. Plays a major role in providing long-term immunity (vaccinations). Bile - correct answers.A greenish fluid secreted from the liver that aids in the metabolism of fats Bioassay - correct answers.A test in a living system.In a drug study, the bioassay provides a means of determining the activity of a substance in a living animal Biochemistry: - correct answers.The study of the chemical reactions that occur in livingorganisms Biocontainment - correct answers.A system of engineering, equipment, and practices to keep microbes within an area, preventing their release into the environment Biohazard - correct answers.A biological agent. such as an infectious microorganism, that is a threat to humans or animals Biologic filter - correct answers.An inert (stable) substance, typically silicone, gravel, glass, or plastic, with a high surface area that acts as a substrate to bind large numbers of nitrifying bacteria. Biological indicator - correct answers.Microorganisms used to monitor the effectiveness of a process, such as autoclaving. Biological safety cabinet - correct answers.(BSC): A type of cabinet that is used to work with harmful organisms to protect both the worker and the environment through the use of controlled and filtered air flow. Biomedical - correct answers.Pertaining to the biology of health and disease Biometric scanner - correct answers.A security device that can identify individuals using distinct characteristics, such as fingerprints, voice signature, or eye structures Biopsy - correct answers.The removal of a sample of t issue from the body for examination Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) - correct answers.A set of guidelines established by the CDC and NIH for the safe handling and containment of biological agents in a laboratory setting. Bioterrorism - correct answers.An act of using or threatening to use biological agents, such as viruses, bacteria, or other biological toxins, to intimidate, spread fear, or at tack an individual or a group for personal, political, or ideological purposes Blastocyst stage - correct answers.An embryo that has undergone the first step in differentiation Bloat - correct answers.An emergency related to an abnormal amount of air, food, or liquid in the stomach that can quickly lead to low blood pressure,e to internal organs. and even death if left unnoticed and untreated. Blood chemistry - correct answers.Chemical tests performed on blood, plasma, or serum for diagnostic or investigative purposes Blood urea nitrogen BUN - correct answers.A waste product produced during normal body metabolism. Boar - correct answers.A male of certain animal species, such as swine and guinea pigs