PSYC 100 - Week 22 - Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders

PSYC 100 - Week 22 - Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders Describe the four sets of criteria for a substance use disorder? - ANS 1. Impaired control 2. Social impairment 3. Risky use 4. Pharmacological issues Differentiate between substance use and substance-induced disorders? - ANS The DSM-5 divides substance-related disorders into two types: substance-use disorders (further divided by type of drug) and substance-induced disorders (intoxication, withdrawal, and conditions resembling independent mental disorders, such as depression or schizophrenia, that are due to severe intoxication). Describe the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia? - ANS According to the DSM-5, the symptoms of psychotic disorders fall into five domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviour (catatonia), and negative symptoms. Negative symptoms include flattened affect (dampened emotional responding), poverty or slowing of speech, and slowing of movement. Apply the diathesis-stress model to schizophrenia, identifying possible diatheses? - ANS Genetic predisposition and environmental stressors combine to produce schizophrenia. Identify the positive and negative symptoms and age of onset? - ANS Positive Symptoms - Positive symptoms, such as delusions or hallucinations, usually reflect an excess or distortion of a normal brain function. Negative Symptoms - Negative symptoms, such as slowed speech or movement, normally reflect a diminution or loss of normal brain function. The onset of schizophrenia is earlier in males (early to mid 20s) than females (late 20s). Describe the biological basis of schizophrenia? - ANS Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters used in the brain to communicate among brain cells. A prominent theory of schizophrenia suggests that too much of this neurotransmitter results in many of the symptoms experienced by individuals with this disorder. There are also changes in the size and shape of brain structures in individuals with schizophrenia, although the etiology of these changes is not very well understood. Describe the symptoms of bipolar disorder and major depression? - ANS Major Depression - A mood disorder characterized by significant, persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness and accompanied by symptoms such as loss of appetite, significant change in sleep patterns, and other behaviours markedly different from normal behaviours for that person. Bipolar Disorders - Bipolar disorders are mood disorders that have periods of mania or hypomania, and periods of depression. People with bipolar disorders will experience times with an overabundance of energy and plans, and times with strong depressive symptoms.