Calaoms Final Exam Questions And Answers Latest Update

CALAOMS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE . Name the two systems that comprise the autonomic nervous system: - Answer Parasympathetic and sympathetic The heart is divided into _____ chambers. The upper chambers are called _____ while the lower chambers are called _____. - Answer 4, atria, ventricles Continue the pathway of the blood flow: From the lungs where it picked up oxygen, blood travels through the _____ vein to the _____ atrium, past the _____ valve to the _____ ventricle, then through the _____ valve and into the _____ where it is pumped to the rest of the body. - Answer pulmonic, left, mitral, left, aortic, aorta Trace the pathway of the conduction system through the heart: _____ node to the _____ node, to the Bundle of His to the _____ and finally to the _____. - Answer SA, AV, Bundle Branches, Purkinjie fibers Stimulation of the Vagus nerve will ___ the heart rate. - Answer Decrease Beta one controls the - Answer Heart Follow the pathway of the blood flow through the heart: Superior and inferior vena cava to the _____ atrium, past the _____ valve and into the _____ ventricle. Past the ____ valve to the _____ artery to the lungs where it picks up oxygen. - Answer right, tricuspid, right, pulmonic, pulmonary Insufficient blood flow through the coronary arteries can result in: - Answer angina Which patient needs antibiotic premedication? - Answer A 70 year old with a prosthetic valve What medication is used in the treatment of angina? - Answer Nitroglycerin What do Beta Blockers do? - Answer Reduce the heart rate and blood pressure What does ISCHEMIA mean? - Answer Inadequate blood supply Symptoms of left sided heart failure include: - Answer Shortness of breath, pulmonary edema The first heart sound is caused by: - Answer The mitral and tricuspid valves closing What does NECROSIS mean? - Answer Death of tissue What are the two kinds of heart failure? - Answer Right and Left What is the difference between angina and a myocardial infarction? - Answer Angina is chest pain due to inadequate oxygenation while a myocardial infarction means death of the actual heart muscle. Symptoms of right sided heart failure include: - Answer ascites and pitting edema What is the mnemonic for a patient having a myocardial infarction? - Answer MONA What causes a heart murmur? - Answer Turbulence in the blood flow across the heart valves Left sided heart failure often leads to: - Answer Right sided heart failure Causes of hypotension include all of the following EXCEPT: - Answer Seizures Symptoms of severe hypotension include all the following EXCEPT: - Answer Chest pain The pneumonic for diagnosing a stroke is: - Answer FAST: Face, Arm, Speech, Time The blood pressure limit which is generally considered the upper limit of normal is? - Answer 140/90 High blood pressure may increase the patient's risk for heart attack and - Answer Stroke Patients in hypertensive crisis may complain of: - Answer Headache 2 kinds of stroke include: - Answer Ischemic and hemorrhagic Your patient wonders if he should skip his blood pressure medication the morning of surgery since he can't have anything to eat or drink. What do you tell him? - Answer Take your medications with a small sip of water Treatment for a patient having a hypertensive crisis includes: - Answer A Beta blocker and a vasodilator True or False: A patient that has a history of a CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) needs to be premedicated with antibiotics. - Answer False What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node? - Answer 60-100 beats per minute The P wave is caused by? - Answer Depolarization of the atria The best treatment for ventricular fibrillation is: - Answer defibrillation Your patient has an irregularly irregular pulse. She most likely has: - Answer Atrial fibrillation The most common rhythm of cardiac arrest is: - Answer ventricular fibrillation What is the correct sequence of impulses through the heart? - Answer SA node--AV node--Bundle of His--Purkinjie Fibers _____ is more dangerous than _____ . - Answer Multifocal PVC's; unifocal PVC's The QRS complex is caused by? - Answer Depolarization of the ventricles The T wave is caused by? - Answer Repolarization of the ventricles True or False: Sinus arrhythmia is the same as asystole. - Answer False A patient who is in a narrow complex tachycardia is complaining of chest pain. You notice that the blood pressure is falling and the patient has an altered level of consciousness. Your next move is to: - Answer Sedate the patient, then perform a synchronized cardioversion The most effective treatment for a patient in ventricular fibrillation is: - Answer Defibrillation The second medication used in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation is: - Answer Amiodarone Vagal Maneuvers can be used in diagnosis and treatment of patients with which rhythm? - Answer Supraventricular tachycardia You come upon a patient who you have determined is not breathing and has no pulse. Your next move is to: - Answer Start chest compressions True or False: You can defibrillate asystole. - Answer False True or False: All bradycardias with rate 50 should be given Atropine .5 mg. - Answer False True or False: Patients in ventricular fibrillation (v fib) have a pulse. - Answer False The first MEDICATION for a patient in ventricular fibrillation is: - Answer Epinephrine 1 mg IV When performing CPR, the rate of compression is how many per minute? - Answer 100 CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! Foreign bodies that are aspirated usually go down the ______ mainstem bronchus. - Answer tracheal The order of airflow inside the upper respiratory system is: - Answer nasopharynx, oropharynx, larygopharynx (larynx), trachea The ___ bronchus is straighter and wider while the ___ bronchus is narrower and angles more acutely. - Answer right, left Inspiration is more of a(n)_____ process, whereas expiration is more of a(n) ____ process. - Answer active; passive Gas exchange (where oxygen goes from the air to the blood and CO2 goes from blood to the air) takes place in the: - Answer alveoli Control of respiration is dependent on? - Answer the level of carbon dioxide in the blood Oxygen is carried by the: - Answer Red blood cell The order of airflow in the lower respiratory system is: - Answer trachea, right and left mainstem bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli The hairlike projections on the cells within the trachea are called: - Answer cilia The anatomic structure where a cricothyrotomy is performed is: - Answer through the cricothyroid membrane True or False: You can insert an LMA (laryngeal mask airway) on a conscious patient with an intact gag reflex. - Answer False Rescue inhalers are usually: - Answer Bronchodilators Normal adults should show a pulse oximeter reading of at least ____ % on room air. - Answer 96% Ideally, patients should stop smoking how long before an elective surgical procedure? - Answer 8 weeks With nitrous oxide delivery systems, at the maximum nitrous oxide delivery rate, at least how much oxygen should be concurrently delivered? - Answer 22% Pulse oximeter readings can be affected by all of the following EXCEPT: - Answer asthma medications Oxygen tanks are uniformly _____ in color, while nitrous oxide tanks are uniformly _____ in color. - Answer green; blue CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! Asthma medications include all of the below EXCEPT: - Answer A (Alpha) agonist Asthma is a disease of: - Answer Bronchoconstriction True or False: an LMA is the most ideal, preferred method of airway maintenance. - Answer False The symptoms of hyperventilation are caused by: - Answer The decrease in blood CO2 The crowing sound indicating laryngospasm is called: - Answer Stridor Treatment of emesis is to turn the patient to the: - Answer Right Initial treatment for laryngospasm is to: - Answer Suction the oropharynx Medication used to treat persistent laryngospasm is: - Answer Succinylcholine The most common cause of airway obstruction is: - Answer Tongue True or False: If a patient had asthma years ago, you don't have to have them puff their inhaler pre-operatively. - Answer False Medications to treat Bronchospasm are usually: - Answer Beta agonists Protective reflex closure of the vocal cords is a: - Answer Laryngospasm Treatment of respiratory depression from an overdose of narcotics and benzodiazipines are _____ and ____ respectively. - Answer Naloxone and Flumazenil What is the normal blood glucose level? - Answer 70-100 What is the problem with performing surgery on a patient whose blood sugar is too high? - Answer They will have difficulty with wound healing What is the Endocrinology? - Answer It is the study of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the body What are symptoms of diabetes? - Answer Polyphagia (always hungry), polydypsea (always thirsty), Polyuria (frequent urination) What is the function of Glucagon? - Answer To release glucose from the cells into the bloodstream. What is the danger of doing surgery on a patient who is adrenally suppressed? - Answer They may experience a drop in blood pressure and shock CALAOMS STUDY GUIDE 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS! What does the Thyroid do? - Answer Produces hormones that control metabolism and growth What is the function of Insulin? - Answer To drive glucose into the cells What are the two types of Diabetes? - Answer Type I: Beta cells don't produce Insulin at all, Type II: Insulin binds to the cells, but the glucose gates don't open Where is Insulin produced? - Answer Pancreas Which of the following are signs of a true allergic reaction? - Answer Itchy rash True or False: Patients with liver disease should be given higher doses of anesthetic agents. - Answer False In a patient in anaphylactic shock, the two most important considerations are: 1 the drop in blood pressure, and 2: - Answer Laryngeal edema Indications for patients to be on Coumadin include: - Answer Stroke or cerebral vascular accident Johnny's mother states he is allergic to Penicillin because he got sick to his stomach the last time he took it. You calmly tell mom: - Answer No, Mom. Johnny had an ADVERSE reaction to Penicillin, not a true allergy