ISA Arborist Study Guide Sample test questions with solutions

Bark, phloem, cambium, xylem When cutting through a tree with a chain saw or drilling into a tree, you would pass through (in order) Growth may be stimulated in lateral buds If the terminal bud is removed in pruning: The growth rings of a tree: Visible because of the rapid growth rate of earlywood relative to latewood, can be counted on to approximate trees age, can give information about growth conditions in previous years. Cambium layer of cells is responsible for outward growth and increased girth of tree. Mycorrhizae are: A symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) differs from balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in that: They are not in the same genus. Opposite leaf arrangement is: When two leaves and/or buds are located at the same node on a twig. Quercus rubra Scientific name of Red Oak. Quercus (Oak) This genus of tree usually does not have an opposite leaf arrangement. Pines These conifers have needles in bundles. Available oxygen and water The primary factor in controlling the depth, spread, and distribution of tree roots in the soil is/are: The most fibrous and absorptive portion of a tree's root system is found in? Are in the upper 6 inches of soil. Water will drain very slowly out of the planting hole. If a planting hole in a clay soil site is backfilled with sandy soil. When soil is compacted: Total pore space and the percentage of macropores are reduced. A characteristic of sandy soils in arid regions is: They tend to become alkaline, and salts build up due to the lack of heavy rainfall. When irrigating trees: Infrequent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings. Sandy soils: Have a higher infiltration rate than clay soils. A soil is at field capacity when: Gravitational water has drained away. With sprinkler irrigation: Less frequent waterings of longer duration will reduce the likelihood of salt buildup, water hitting the soil surface can lead to crusting, application rates that exceed absorption can lead to runoff. In sites where poor drainage can be a problem, which of the following WILL NOT help ensure plant survival? Placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and backfilling with a sandy soil. 8 pounds of nitrogen 80 pound bag of 10-6-4 fertilizer contains how many pounds of actual nitrogen? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium A complete fertilizer contains? A tree may not respond immediately to a fertilizer application if: A slow release fertilizer was applied, inadequate soil moisture, and a tree is suffering from collar rot A soil test may not identify a nutrient deficiency problem in a plant because: The soil may have adequate nutrients but something may be inhibiting uptake. Sulfur-coated urea/ or ureaformaldehyde is sometimes included in nitrogen fertilizers because: Slow-release forms of nitrogen are sometimes desired. The climate factor that determines hardiness zones is: Low temperature extremes Trees planted under utility lines should be: Low growing to remain below the lines. Some trees acclimate to shade conditions by: Developing larger and thinner leaves, and variegated foliage losing variegation, or colored foliage tending to be greener. Fastigiate trees have a growth form that is: Upright This is a true statement: Some tree species are adapted to hot, dry, or bright light conditions with small , thick foliage and sicken stomata. Staking or giving when planting a tree is: Not always required or necessary. Planting a row of palms at various depths to create a row of uniform height: Can lead to death of the deeply planted trees. Placing gravel in the bottom of the planting joke in a clay soil site will: Restrict soil space and create a perched water table. When planting a container tree: Seperate and tease apart the roots to reduce girdling root formation. Most important reason to prune a tree when transplanting is to: To remove structurally weak or damaged branches. When pruning young trees, why have a dominate leader and well spaces scaffolding. Minimize future pruning, structurally strong, codominate branching can be avoided