DCF Health, Safety, and Nutrition Exam Questions and Answers With Complete Solution

DCF Health, Safety, and Nutrition Exam Questions and Answers With Complete Solution What are the qualities of a Healthy Environment? - Clean work and play area, proper hygiene practices, implementation and routine practice of a writen health policy. Why establish and follow a written health policy? - It is an effective way of maintaining a safe and healthy child care program. How do you know if your program has a written policy? - Ask your VPK program director and it usually posted in various areas like sink, kitchen, table Why should policies be written? - 1. To ensure parents and child care professionals are aware of procedures 2 to make sure everyone follows same rules. How is each sense used to observe a child (touch)? - Check for too much warmth or coldness. How is each sense used to observe a child (smell)? - Check for a bad smell or a change of smell. How is each sense used to observe a child (taste)? - Ask child if they taste something funny How is each sense used to observe a child (sound)? - Check for breathing is it easy or ragged, etc. How is each sense used to observe a child (sight)? - First observation of seeing a child's appearance and check all areas from head to toe. The three A's of a healthy child are - Appetite, Appearance and Activity Appetite signs of a healthy child are - Can eat an appropriate amount of food at meal times. Will Consume a variety of foods. Is interested in eating? Appears content after meals/snacks. Appearance signs of healthy child are - Has clear, bright eyes, clear skin, age appriopiate muscles, gains steadily in height/body weight Activity signs of a healthy child are - Has plenty of energy (not hyperactive), is alert, sleeps soundly and has few aches and pains. Emotional health of a healthy child are - a child who usually reflects happy, cheerful feelings Social health of a healthy child are - a child who is friendly most of the time, interacts with other children and enjoys quiet activities that require concentration. Menal health of a healthy child are - a child who is interested in new experiences and is usally confident and adaptable. Is a child with short-term emotional illness or disability a child with special needs. - No Can you give examples of short-term illness or disability? - Ear infections vs. hearing loss; cold vs. asthma; sprained ankle vs. foot deformity; distress over fight vs. depression What can you do to know what is normal for a particular child? - Ask the parents for signs of well-being and their child normal displays. Daily checks are a good way of: - preventing, identifing and controlling illness in a child care environment. Signs to observe in a daily health check in Behavior is: - general mood (quiet, irritable, drousy, restless), unusual behavior, activity level, breathing difficulities, severe coughing, sneezing, hoarseness. Signs to observe in a daily health chec in Face and Body: - Skin color (flused, pale, dry, clammy, hot), unusual spots, raches, swelling or bruises, sores, discharge from nose, ears, eyes, red look to eyes, irritated sensitive to light. Signs to observe in a daily health check in general: - bowel movements (change in color, oder, frequency), pain (screaming, crying, head-rolling), skin marks (rashes, bruises, cuts) Appetite - desire to eat Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) - A virus infection that renders the body incapable of fighting off the most common diseases and is usually fatal. This is considered to be the end stage of a HIV diagnosis. Clean - To remove dirt, debris and germs by scrubbing and washing with soap (or detergent) and water. The process does not necessary kill germs, but lowers the risk of spreading infection. Communiable Disease - Disease that can be spread from one person to another. Dehydration - Excessive water loss from the body or from an organ or bodily part. Disease - an illness Disinfectant - To kill germs on surfaces or objects by using chemicals to lower the risk of spreading infection DTP - A vaccine for three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus (lockjaw) and pertussis (whooping cough) Evacuation Plan - Procedures for getting children and staff out of the building; applied during the fire drills and any other emergency situation. Health - The total well being of the physical body (including the emotions, the mind and the spirit) and the absence of disease or other abnormal condition. Health Assessment - An estimate of the state of health of a child based upon observation of his or her health history and measurements of phyiscal growth. Health History - A record of major health (and illness) events in a child's life including immunization information. Hepatitis B - Serious viral disease of the liver involving gradual loss of appetite, abdomial discomfot, nausea and vomiting, joint pain and rash. Often jaundice (yellowish tint of eyes and skin) appears later. Hib - A bateria that is the leading cause of baterial meningitis as well as pneumonia, joint or bone infections and throat inflammations. This occurs most often in children during the first five years of life. HIV Positive - Indication through a blood test that one has been infected by the HIV virus, a virus that causes AIDS. Hunger - A phyiscal need for food. Immunization - Administration of a vaccine to make the body build up a defense against a disease. Impermeable surface - A surface that is resistant to water, chemicals and other fluids. These surfaces are required in areas such as changing stations, playpens, cots and sleeping mats. Isolation Area - A designated area or a child who becomes ill at the facility. MMR - A vaccine for three diseases; mumps, measles and rubela (Geman measles) Nutrients - Specific substances contained in food, which are necessary for good health such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fats. Nutrition - The foods that we eat and how our body uses them. Nutrition Education - Teaching nutrition to prepare children to make correct food choices. Safety Hazards - Things in the enviroment that can be identified as dangerous to one's health and welfare. Sanitize - The process of destroying or reducing organisms to a safe level. Includes properly cleaned equipment and surfaces, such as sinks and sleep mats. Snacks - Any food eaten between formal meals. Substance Abuse - On-going use of a substance which is formally considered harmful to the body and is often illegal (i.e. drugs, alcohol, tobacco) Substance Exposed Infants/Children (birth to 12) - Infants and children whose mothers have taken one or more illegal drugs while pregnant. OPV - A vaccine fo polio which is given orally Vaccine - A group of substances that produce immunity to disease in a person. Heat Exhaustion - The condition is caused by excessive sweating. The person's skin becomes pale and clammy, and the person feels sick, dizzy, and/or faint. Pulse rate and breathing become rapid, and a headache or muscle cramps may develop. Add 1 teaspoon of salt to quart of water. Take action! Parents should be notified. Heat Stroke - Occurs because of prolonged exposure to very hot conditions. The mechanism in the brain that regulates body temperature stops functioning, and the body's temperature rapidly rises to 104 degree Fahrenheit. The person becomes flushed, with hot, dry skin and a strong, rapid pulse. He or she quickly becomes confused or unconscious. Call 911 and notify parents Dehydration - Dry or very dry mouth. Little or no tears when crying. Less active than usual, or very fussy. Infant will wet less than 6 diapers a day; a child will make fewer trps to the restroom than he normally does. Eyes are sunken. Hands and feet are cool and blothcy. Pulse may seem weak and fast. Child will not urinate for hours. How can I tell if a child is sick? - Check for three A's, if something seems odd check for fever. Mercury thermometer - is not recommended, if it breaks call Poison Control Center. Yellow Fever - Headache, jaundice, fever, vomiting and bleeding. Transmitted by mosquitos. It must be reported to CDC. Anthrax - Reddish brown lesion that ulcerates and then forms a dark scab, later internal hemorhage, muscle pain, fever, vomiting. Transmitted by direct contact. It must be reported to CDC. Campylobacter - Diarrhea, sometimes bloody, low grade fever abdominal cramping. Transmited by bowel movement from hands to objects to mouth or possible drinking water. Chicken Pox - Slight fever, fine blisters appear first on scalp then on face and body. Isolation for 5-6 days after first appearance of blisters. Give acetaminophen for discomfort.