Hemodialysis Final Exam Latest Update 2023

Hemodialysis Final Exam The three endocrine functions of the kidney? - 1. Erythropoietin- hormone that regulates red blood cell production 2. Renin- hormone with effect on sodium & potassium balance and blood pressure 3. Calcitrol- active form of vitamin D3 needed to absorb calcium from food What is the functional unit of the kidney? - Nephron What percent of water filtered by the kidney is excreted in 24 hrs? - 1% What is the acceptable pH range for dialysate? - 6-8 pH What is the acceptable conductivity range for dialysate? - 13.0-15.0 What is the acceptable temperature range for dialysate? - 35-39ºC List the patient information on reuse label (6 things) - Pt. Name Reuse date Reuse time Number of reuses Pass or fail (should always be pass) Reuse tech innitials List at least 3 electrolytes found in dialysate - Sodium Calcium Magnesium Chloride Potassium What are the three components of dialysate? - Reverse Osmosis Water Acid Concentrate Bicarbonate solution What are the top two leading causes of Renal Failure? - Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension other two: glomerulonephritis polycystic disorders Compare Peritoneal Dialysis with Hemodialysis. - PD: 1. Daily 2. At home 3. In peritoneal membrane 4. Less dietary & fluid restrictions Hemo: 1. 3 times/week 2. Usually done at dialysis center 3. Occurs in extracorporeal dialyzer 4. Stringent dietary & fluid restrictions Where is the pressure negative in the dialyzer? - The dialysate compartment What is countercurrent flow? How does it work in Hemodialysis? - Exchange mechanism by two bodies flowing in opposite directions In hemodialysis it occurs in dialyzer where blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions & permit diffusion and osmosis at same time What is the use of bicarbonate in dialysate? - Provides electrolytes for dialysate work as pH buffers to neutralize metabolic acidosis- substitutes kidney pH balancing function by releasing bicarbonate from dialysate into blood What is the role of a renal dietician? - Develop a meal plan based on patient's nutritional needs and dietary preferences. Explain two ways that a patient can lower their phosphorus - 1. Reducing phosphorus consumption 2. Taking phosphate binders