hemodialysis Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update ( Awarded A+) 2023

Hemodialysis Exam electrolyte - a substance that carries an electrical current is electrolyte imbalance can - harm or even kill a pt pt complains of intense thirst temp at 102.4 has siezure what electrolyte imbalance is the cause - Hypernatremia potassium - an imbalance in this electrolyte either too much or too little can cause cardiac problems leading to death calcium - electrolyte found mainly in bone and teeth performing water checks double check the right dialysate encourage pts on edu on electrolyte imbalances - dialysis techs role in management in electrolyte imbalances why would hyperphosphatemia occur in a dialysis pt - failed kidneys are unable to move phosphorus standard in center dialysis doesnt remove much phosphorus Calcium and phosphate bind together forming sharp calcium phosphate crystals - what occurs when both calcium and phosphorus are elevated in dialysis pts? when should a dialysis pt take his phosphate binders? - with each meal and snack what are two electrolyte imbalances that are rare in dialysis pts? - hypophosphatemia hypokalemia why are blood test and labs performed so frequently on dialysis pts? - to assess health to assess dialysis adequacy predict survivability and mortality Albumin - What protein that is assessed each month on dialysis pts will be low if pt is suffering from malnutrition? Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - This blood test is drawn PRE and Post dialysis to measure dialysis dose. Cheap way to measure and is used to estimate the amount of other wastes in the blood Creatinine - The levels of this waste are based on muscle mass GFR and dialysis clearance large muscular pts will have higher level than small pts Isolate the patient because he is infected with Hep B and is highly contagious - Your pt monthly Hep B Surface Antigen test comes back positive? What precautions should you take? Dialysis Kidney Transplant Palliative care - What are the treatment options for end stage renal disease? Hemodialysis - What is the most common treatment option for End Stage Renal Disease? Is transplantation a cure for kidney disease? - NO False - Dialysis will completely replace all kidney function TRUE/False what is used to clean the blood in Peritoneal Dialysis? - The Peritoneum Renal dietitian Social Worker Nurse - Ms johnson has low monthly Albumin level. She says that she has a metallic taste in her mouth and she isnt eating very much. She also states that she having trouble affording food and fears that she will lose her home. Who should she contact? Due to Ms johnson's low Albumin level and poor appetite what should you be concerned about? - Malnutrition Immediately notify the nurse of Mr. Green"s chest pain as this is a medical emergency. - Mr Greene has arrived for his dialysis treatment. He states that he has been having chest pain all day. What intervention should the dialysis technician perform next? Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN - What test is performed to measure waste in the blood because it is cheap and easy to perform? False - Mrs. Smith is not following her Renal diet or Fluid restrictions and her dialysis treatments are taking longer than average so much excess fluid when asked about her diet she states she has no restrictions/she comes to all her treatments is this TRUE OR FALSE Dietitian - What team member should you refer Mrs. Smith to in order to help her with her diet and fluid restrictions? Hematocrit single-pool Kt/V Serum Albumin Calcium Phosphorus PTH - The 6 blood test that can predict a pts life. Pts in one large study were 89% more like to live if they met the targets for all six of these blood tests what are they? A well dialyzed pt should have the following? - A good fluid balance blood tests in the target range Enough energy to work a good appetite /sleep Explain to Janie that PD is done daily at home not in clinical setting - Janie is in ESRD and has to pick a treatment option She decided on PD but is concerned about going to the clinic every day for her treatments. How should the tech address her concerns? Explain to Mr green that salt substitutes are high in potassium and this is the most likely cause his hyperkalemia - Mr Green is a hemodialysis patient states that he eliminated salt from diet and is using a salt substitutes how should the dialysis tech should educate Mr green A risk to the pts life a patient right an ehtical issue - Mr W is a 55 year old male diagnosed with aids performing PD . His primary disease is hypertension an is currently during well. He decides to withdraw from dialysis therapy and pursue palliative care This situation is difficult but is considered to be Quality of life for the pt Competency of the pt pt overall mental health - What are some of the factors to consider with Mr W's decision? Anemia is due to - Inadequate red blood cell prodution blood loss Abnormal destruction of red blood cells Hemolysis hyperkalemia can cause - Bradycardia leading to cardiac arrest anemia is an ongoing complication.Which of the following describes HD techs actions during dialysis to minimize anemia? - Minimize blood loss through proper technique potassium - The proper balance of this electrolyte for normal muscle function excess amount can cause heart to stop beating Creatinine - Which of the following laboratory findings is not affected by dietary intake and is used as an indicator of renal failure? Excess potassium - Hyperkalemia Excess sodium - hypernatremia decreased phosphorus - hypophosphatemia what is the symbol for potassium - K+ What is the symbol for sodium - NA+ What is the symbol for phosphorus - P What is the symbol for calcium - Ca++ TRUE - Electrolyte management in the HD Pt is a multidisciplinary approach includes all team members of the clinicTRUE/FALSE DIABETES - WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF KIDNEY FAILURE FOR ADULTS IN U.S. UREMIA - WHICH OF THESE IS A PROBLEM OF KIDNEY FAILURE CAUSED BY A BUILD UP OF WASTES IN THE BLOOD THE KIDNEYS NO LONGER PRODUCE VITAMIN D - WHAT CAUSES HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN PEOPLE WITH KIDNEY FAILURE 5 STAGES - HOW MANY STAGES DOES THE NATIONAL KIDNEY FOUNDATION RECOGNIZE IN CKD GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE GFR - WHAT TEST IS USED TO DIFFERENTIATE THE STAGES OF CKD AS DETERMINED BY THE NATIONAL KIDNEY FOUNDATION DIABETES HYPERTENSION - TWO MEDICAL CONDITIONS ARE THE UNDERLYING CAUSE FOR OVER 60% OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CASES IN THE U.S. WHAT ARE THEY? SUDDEN LOSS OF KIDNEY FUNCTION - ACUTE RENAL DISEASE IS CHARACTERIZED BY ILLNESS INJURY TOXINS - ACUTE KIDNEY DISEASE IS MOST OFTEN CAUSED BY SLOW PROGRESSIVE DETERIORATION IN KIDNEY FUNCTION EARLY SYMPTOMS ARE USUALLY NOT NOTICED TAKES MONTHS OR YEARS TO CAUSE KIDNEY FAILURE - CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IS CHARACTERIZED URINE TEST AND BLOOD PRESSURE CHECKS - WHAT IS CRUCIAL FOR EARLY DETECTION OF CKD?