MMSC 428 Exam 1 (100% Correct Solutions)

Mutualism correct answers Both organisms benefit from relationship Commensalism correct answers The organism benefits, while the host is neither harmed nor benefitted Parasitism correct answers The organism benefits at the expense of the host What is the difference between endemic and epidemic diseases? correct answers Endemic diseases are those that are regularly found in a region/population, whereas epidemic diseases are widespread diseases for only a short period of time What is a pandemic? correct answers Pandemics are widespread diseases (often worldwide) that result in the pathogen remaining in the population What is the leading cause of death worldwide? correct answers Ischemic heart disease What is the leading cause of death in low income countries? correct answers Neonatal conditions - primarily caused by communicable illness What is the leading cause of death in children under 5? correct answers Lower respiratory infections What can be considered an Emerging Infectious disease? correct answers 1. A newly identified human pathogen associated with a new disease 2. An old pathogen with a new presentation 3. Increase in the incidence or geographical distribution of an infectious agent 4. A human pathogen recently associated with an old disease (ex: Porphyromonas ginivalis in Alzheimer's Disease) Why is Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with Alzheimer's? correct answers P. gingivalis is a common bacteria found in the mouth that may produce toxic enzymes in neurons, leading to the development of Alzheimer's What are the seven factors in the emergence of infectious disease? correct answers Ecologic (environmental) factors, global climate changes, human demographics (urbanization), international travel, shipping/commerce, adaptability of microorganisms, and deficiencies in public health infrastructure What are common pathogens associated with food? correct answers Enterohemmorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria What are the two types of waterborne pathogens and what is the difference between them? correct answers The two types of waterborne pathogens are planktonic and sessile. Planktonic