EMT Basic Exam 4-Solved 100% Correct

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of: A. decreased oxygen levels. B. increased carbon dioxide levels. C. increased oxygen levels. D. decreased carbon dioxide levels. - ANSWER-B. increased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing? A. 22 breaths/min with an irregular pattern of breathing and cyanosis B. 24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin C. 20 breaths/min with shallow movement of the chest wall and pallor D. 30 breaths/min with supraclavicular retractions and clammy skin - ANSWER-B. 24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of: A. severe hyperventilation. B. right-sided heart failure. C. toxic chemical inhalation. D. an upper airway infection. - ANSWER-C. toxic chemical inhalation. A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: A. epinephrine. B. albuterol. C. an antihistamine. D. a beta-antagonist. - ANSWER-A. epinephrine. A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? A. spontaneous pneumothorax B. rupture of the diaphragm C. exacerbation of his COPD D. acute pulmonary embolism - ANSWER-A. spontaneous pneumothorax You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with: A. acute pulmonary edema. B. spontaneous pneumothorax. C. acute pulmonary embolism. D. right-sided heart failure. - ANSWER-C. acute pulmonary embolism. A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient? A. oxygen via a nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital B. assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device and a head-to-toe exam C. positive-pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital D. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment - ANSWER-D. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment