EDCO 735 Applied Statistics - Liberty University Quiz 1-6, Fall 2023.

EDCO 735 Quiz 1-2 EDCO 735 Quiz 1-6 EDCO 735 Quiz 1-3 Question 1 3 / 3 pts Nonexperimental studies tend to include: Correct! assessment of the outcome variable experimenter control of variables random assignment of participants to groups a researcher-administered intervention Question 2 3 / 3 pts If an extraneous variable is associated with the independent variable and affects the outcome of the dependent variable, it is considered a: Correct! confounding variable temporal precedence outcome variable an independent variable Question 3 3 / 3 pts What is a biased sample? Correct! a sample that is systematically different from the population a sample of people with strong opinions a sample that has uneven groups a sample that produces results that meet the expectations of researchers Question 4 3 / 3 pts Which of the following is NOT an example of a quantitative variable? Correct! gender depression levels batting average reading level Question 5 3 / 3 pts A researcher uses a six-sided dice to assign experiment participants to experimental groups. The sampling method being used is: Correct! we can't tell from this description random sample stratified random sample convenience sample Question 6 3 / 3 pts The mean of z scores: Correct! is zero is one has a probability of .05 is the same as the mean of the sample Question 7 3 / 3 pts Which of the following provides the strongest support for a causal inference? Correct! experimental designs quasi-experimental designs observational designs correlational designs Question 8 3 / 3 pts What does it mean if a sample is "representative"? Correct! it has similar characteristics as the population it is unique it is ethical it is a convenience sample Question 9 3 / 3 pts What is the goal of experimental design? Correct! to make it possible to test causal inference to have good external validity to prove a hypothesis to find a correlation between variables Question 10 0 / 3 pts What percentage of scores are within one standard deviation above AND below the mean? Correct Answer 68.26 13.87 You Answered 95.44 99.72 Powered by TCPDF () Question 1 0 / 3 pts What percentage of scores are within one standard deviation above AND below the mean? Correct Answer 68.26 13.87 You Answered 95.44 99.72 Question 2 3 / 3 pts What is the simpler distinction between measurement levels that is common among contemporary statisticians? Correct! categorical and quantitative nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio quantitative and qualitative individual, group, race, and type Question 3 3 / 3 pts What does it mean that variables must be systematically associated for causal inference? Correct! they covary one is causing the other one occurs before the other there is internal validity Question 4 3 / 3 pts Which of these is NOT one of the characteristics of z scores? Correct! a standard deviation of .05 they are expressed in standard deviation units their distribution has a mean of zero a proportion of area under the distribution can be interpreted as a probability Question 5 3 / 3 pts What does it mean that X must not be confounded with another variable for causal inference? Correct! X must not be systematically associated with an unaccounted for variable X must not be related to Y X must only occur before Y all of the variance in the dependent variable must be accounted for by X Question 6 3 / 3 pts What is a biased sample? Correct! a sample that is systematically different from the population a sample of people with strong opinions a sample that has uneven groups a sample that produces results that meet the expectations of researchers Question 7 3 / 3 pts Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable? Correct! hair color IQ score income anxiety level Question 8 3 / 3 pts What percentage of scores are within two standard deviations above AND below the mean? Correct! 95.44 34.13 68.20 99.72 Question 9 0 / 3 pts Without random assignment, what assumption may be violated? Correct Answer equivalence of groups across treatment conditions You Answered scores on the outcome variable are normally distributed a linear relationship between X and Y independence of observations Question 10 0 / 3 pts What necessary standard of causal inference do nonexperimental studies usually meet? Correct Answer covariation temporal precedence random assignment You Answered control of extraneous variables Powered by TCPDF () Question 1 0 / 3 pts Of those things that are in the control of the researcher, what is a the most important in determining causal inference? Correct Answer the research design the type of statistical analysis the results of the ANOVA You Answered finding statistical significance Question 2 3 / 3 pts Assigning individuals to groups based on a variable related to (i.e., may covary with the dependent variable) the study variable of interest is: Correct! matching random assignment random sampling convenience sampling Question 3 3 / 3 pts The level of measurement for a 10-point pain scale where 1 is no pain and 10 is very painful is: Correct! interval ratio ordinal nominal Question 4 3 / 3 pts If a researcher employs a convenience sample, we can safely apply it to a hypothetical population if the: Correct! sample approximates a poulation in terms of meaningful characteristics sample has the same number of men as women sample was recruited in the same geography of the population sample was made up of college students Question 5 3 / 3 pts The level of measurement has an absolute zero as a meaningful value is: Correct! ratio interval ordinal nominal Question 6 0 / 3 pts What necessary standard of causal inference do nonexperimental studies usually meet? Correct Answer covariation temporal precedence random assignment You Answered control of extraneous variables Question 7 3 / 3 pts If an extraneous variable is associated with the independent variable and affects the outcome of the dependent variable, it is considered a: Correct! confounding variable temporal precedence outcome variable an independent variable Question 8 3 / 3 pts What does it mean if a sample is "representative"? Correct! it has similar characteristics as the population it is unique it is ethical it is a convenience sample Question 9 3 / 3 pts Which of the following is NOT an example of a quantitative variable? Correct! gender depression levels batting average reading level Question 10 3 / 3 pts Which of these is NOT a typical part of an experiment? Correct! manipulation of mediators random assignment of participants to groups two or more treatments, dosage levels, or interventions assessment of the outcome variable Question 1 3 / 3 pts What is the goal of experimental design? Correct! to make it possible to test causal inference to have good external validity to prove a hypothesis to find a correlation between variables Question 2 0 / 3 pts Approximately two-thirds of all values in the standard normal distribution fall within how many standard deviations of the mean? Correct Answer 1 6 You Answered 3 2.5 Question 3 0 / 3 pts What does it mean that variables must be systematically associated for causal inference? Correct Answer they covary You Answered one is causing the other one occurs before the other there is internal validity Question 4 3 / 3 pts Which of the following is NOT an example of a quantitative variable? Correct! gender depression levels batting average reading level Question 5 3 / 3 pts Nonexperimental research designs: Correct! do not typically involve an intervention cannot be used for correlational research tend to have strong internal validity must include random assignment Question 6 3 / 3 pts A normal distribution is NOT: Correct! exponential bell-shaped symmetrical Gaussian Question 7 3 / 3 pts What is a biased sample? Correct! a sample that is systematically different from the population a sample of people with strong opinions a sample that has uneven groups a sample that produces results that meet the expectations of researchers Question 8 3 / 3 pts The standard deviation of z scores: Correct! is one is the same as the hypothetical population is .05 is 1.96 when the sample size is large Question 9 3 / 3 pts The mean of z scores: Correct! is zero is one has a probability of .05 is the same as the mean of the sample Question 10 3 / 3 pts The Gaussian distribution is also known as the: Correct! normal distribution exponential distribution positively-skewed distribution platykurtic distribution