Cic Exam Study Guide

Chain of Infection - Answer- 1)Infectious agent= organism with ability to cause disease; greater virulence, invasiveness, and pathogenicity = increased odds of infection 2) Reservoir: place where microbes can persist and reproduce 3) Portal of Exit: way for microbe to leave the reservoir 4) Mode of transmission: method of microbe transfer from one place to another 5) Portal of entry: opening that allows microbe to enter host 6) Susceptible host: Lacks immunity or physical resistance to prevent invasion by microbe Is a circle; each link must be present in sequential order for infection to occur Virulence - Answer- Measure of microbe's ability to invade and create disease Depends on ability to: Survive in environment between hosts Transmit between hosts (moving; adherence) Proliferate IgM - Answer- Pentamer; primary response, short-lived (6 months); best at fixing complement IgG - Answer- Monomer; main blood antibody, secondary response; longer lived. opsonization and toxin neutralization. 4 subclasses Physical barriers - Answer- Skin; fever; secreted antimicrobials; innate immunity Complement system - Answer- 11=protein cascade; classically activate by ab:ag complexes; alternate by pathogen surfaces Skin defects; examples and associated pathogens - Answer- Wounds, burns, trauma, serious derm problems, indwelling devices, injections. Skin flora- S. aureus, CNS, strep pyo, corynebacteria, malassezia furfur Mucous membrane barrier defects; examples and associated pathogens - Answer- chemo-induced mucositosis, head/neck trauma, smoking, inhalational injury, antacids/PPIs. Resident flora- anaerobes, aerobic GNR, candida, enteroccus, bovis Body passage obstruction; examples and associated pathogens - Answer- Tumors, foreign bodies, stones, cystic fibrosis. Resident flora overgrow or invade; site-specific. Abnormal number or function of granulocytes - Answer- Leukemia, chemo, congenital disorders, diabetes. If short term ( 2 wks) then aerobic GNR, Sa, CoNS. IF long term, add fungi (candida, t. glabrata, aspergillus)