Test Bank For Human Physiology An Integrated Approach 7th Edition By Silverthorn | 2023/2024

All of the following must occur before a second action potential can begin, EXCEPT 1. A) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original compartments. 2. B) the Na+inactivation gate must open and the Na+activation gate must close. 3. C) the absolute refractory period must occur. 4. D) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original compartments; the Na+ inactivation gate must open; and the Na+ activation gate must close. 5. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: A Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.9 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 44) The sodium-potassium exchange pump 1. A) must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential. 2. B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. 3. C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. 4. D) moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients. 5. E) requires ATP to function. Answer: E Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 46) When voltage-gated Na+ channels of a resting neuron open, 1. A) Na+enters the neuron. 2. B) Na+leaves the neuron. 3. C) the neuron depolarizes. 4. D) Na+enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. 5. E) Na+leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. Answer: D Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 47)Whenvoltage-gatedK+channelsofarestingneuronopen, Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 48) In the membrane of a resting nerve cell, when chemically gated Cl- channels open, 1. A) Cl- ions enter the cell. 2. B) Cl- ions leave the cell. 3. C) the cell becomes depolarized. 4. D) Cl- ions enter the cell and the cell becomes depolarized. 5. E) Cl- ions leave the cell and the cell becomes depolarized. Answer: A Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 49) Ion concentrations are first significantly affected after ________ action potential(s). Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 50) Action potentials are primarily associated with the membranes of 1. A) dendrites only. 2. B) cell bodies only. 3. C) axons only. 4. D) dendrites and axons. 5. E) cell bodies and axons. Answer: C Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 51) Which of the following will best increase the conduction rate of action potentials? 1. A) Increase the diameter of the axon, decrease the resistance of the axon Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.10 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 52) Which of the following does NOT influence the time necessary for a nerve impulse to be conveyed by a particular neuron? 1. A) length of the axon 2. B) presence or absence of a myelin sheath 3. C) diameter of the axon 4. D) presence or absence of nodes of Ranvier 5. E) whether axon is sensory or motor Answer: E Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.10 Learning Outcome: 8.7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 54) Some neurotoxins work essentially the same way as some local anesthetics, which is to 1. A) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter only. 2. B) bind to Na+channels and inactivate them only. 3. C) prevent depolarization by blocking Na+entry into the cell only. 4. D) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter and bind to Na+channels and inactivate them. 5. E) bind to Na+channels and inactivate them and prevent depolarization by blocking Na+entry into the cell. Answer: E Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 56) The term hyperkalemia specifically indicates too much potassium in which fluid compartment? 1. A) blood 2. B) intracellular 3. C) interstitial 4. D) extracellular 5. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: A Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.10 7. B) 1, 2, 3, 4 8. C) 2, 3, 4 9. D) 2, 3, 4, 5 10. E) 1, 3, 4 Answer: B Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.11 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 58) Which type of synapse is most prevalent in the nervous system? 1. A) chemical 2. B) electrical 3. C) mechanical 4. D) processing 5. E) radiative Answer: A 3. C) calcium. 4. D) chloride. 5. E) zinc. Answer: C Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.12 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 60) To increase the amount of neurotransmitter released onto a postsynaptic cell, the presynaptic cell would have to 1. A) send action potentials with higher voltage (higher amplitude). 2. B) send action potentials with longer durations. 3. C) send action potentials with higher frequency. 4. D) do nothing; no change is possible since the all-or-none law is in effect. Answer:C 5. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: D Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.12 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 62) The inhibitory neurotransmitters of the CNS, GABA and glycine, act by opening ________ channels. 1. A) only Na+ 2. B) only Cl3. C) only K+ 4. D) only Ca2+ 5. E) Na+and K+ Answer: B Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System LearningOtcome:812 5. E) Ca2+ Answer: A Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.12 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 64) Which of the following is NOT a known drug effect on synaptic function? 1. A) interfere with neurotransmitter synthesis 2. B) alter the rate of neurotransmitter release 3. C) prevent neurotransmitter inactivation 4. D) prevent neurotransmitter binding to receptors 5. E) change the type of neurotransmitter found in the synaptic vesicle Answer: E Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Answer: C Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 66) Once the stimulus alters the receptor on the cell’s membrane, what happens next? 1. A) Ion channels open, allowing ions to enter or exit. 2. B) The membrane permeability is altered. 3. C) A second messenger is activated on the inside of the cell. 4. D) Any of these actions could happen next. Answer: D Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.13 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 68) Calcium is important in the synapse because it 1. A) is necessary for acetylcholine synthesis. 2. B) signals the exocytosis of the neurotransmitter. 3. C) binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, opening ion channels, and triggering graded potentials. 4. D) leaves the axon terminal, hyperpolarizing the cell. Answer: B Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.13 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 69) In response to binding a neurotransmitter, a postsynaptic cell can 1. A) only open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic 5. E) open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials, close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, producing slow responses, and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell. Answer: E Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.13 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 70) The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is 1. A) norepinephrine. 2. B) glutamate. 3. C) acetylcholine. 2. B) False Answer: B Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.13 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 72) Identify the FALSE statement. 1. A) EPSPs that reach threshold can initiate an action potential. 2. B) The trigger zone is the integrating center of the neuron. 3. C) IPSPs depolarize the membrane. 4. D) All of the statements are true. Answer: C Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer Learning Outcome: 8.14 Bloom’sTaxonomy:Comprehension Learning Outcome: 8.14 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 74) Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) 1. A) result in local depolarizations. 2. B) result in local hyperpolarizations. 3. C) increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. 4. D) prevent the escape of potassium ions. 5. E) prevent the escape of calcium ions. Answer: B Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer Learning Outcome: 8.14 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge may be additive, and summation could occur; and two inhibitory stimuli may be additive, resulting in lower excitability. Answer: E Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer Learning Outcome: 8.14 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 76) Presynaptic facilitation makes a pathway 1. A) less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons. 2. B) more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons. 3. C) capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning. 4. D) less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons and capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning. 5. E) more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons and capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning. Answer: E 3. C) repeated graded potentials reaching the trigger zone one after the other. 4. D) suprathreshold potentials triggering action potentials that are extra large. 5. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: B Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer Learning Outcome: 8.15 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 78) If a hyperpolarizing graded potential and a depolarizing graded potential of similar magnitudes arrive at the trigger zone at the same time, what is most likely to occur? 1. A) An action potential is fired off more quickly than usual. 2. B) Nothing. They will cancel each other out. 3. C) The cell becomes hyperpolarized. 4. D) The cell becomes easier to excite. 1. A) temporal summation. 2. B) spatial summation. 3. C) postsynaptic integration. 4. D) graded potentials. 5. E) EPSPs. Answer: C Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer Learning Outcome: 8.15 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 80) When a second EPSP arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what occurs? 1. A) spatial summation 2. B) temporal summation 3. C) inhibition of the impulse 4)hlii 1. A) divergence. 2. B) convergence. 3. C) integration. 4. D) saltatory conduction. 5. E) potentiation. Answer: B Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer Learning Outcome: 8.16 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 82) During childhood, growth and development of the brain PRIMARILY occurs by increasing 1. A) neuron numbers only. 2. B) neuron size only. 3. C) number of dendrites and synapses only. 1. A) elasticity. 2. B) intelligence. 3. C) plasticity. 4. D) senility. 5. E) synchronicity. Answer: C Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer Learning Outcome: 8.14 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 84) A damaged neuron has a better chance of survival and repair if the ________ is/are undamaged. 1. A) cell body 2. B) axon 3. C) dendrites 4D)Schanncells 2. B) axon only. 3. C) dendrites only. 4. D) Schwann cells only. 5. E) axon and dendrites. Answer: D Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 86) The tip of an embryonic nerve cell’s axon is called a 1. A) kissing cone. 2. B) stem tip. 3. C) growth cone. 4. D) growth tip. 5. E) None of the answers are correct. 2. peripheral nervous system 87) Schwann cells Answer: B Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 88) oligodendrocytes Answer: A Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 89) microglia Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 91) ependymal cells Answer: A Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 92) astrocytes Answer: A Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 93) highly branched cells that transfer nutrients between blood vessels and neurons Answer: B Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 94) specialized immune cells that are confined to the CNS Answer: F Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 95) cells that form supportive capsules around cell bodies Answer: C Section:CellsoftheNervousSystem Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 97) cells in the CNS that form myelin Answer: E Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 98) cells in the PNS that form myelin